Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O (CH2O)x C6H12O6 Function: energy u energy storage raw materials u structural materials Monomer: sugars ex: sugars, starches, cellulose (CH2O)x C6H12O6 carb = carbon hydr = hydrogen ate = oxygen compound sugar

Sugars 6 5 3 Most names for sugars end in -ose Classified by number of carbons 6C = hexose (glucose) 5C = pentose (ribose) 3C = triose (glyceraldehyde) Glyceraldehyde H OH O C OH H HO CH2OH O Glucose H OH HO O Ribose CH2OH 6 5 3

Functional groups determine function carbonyl aldehyde carbonyl ketone

Building sugars Dehydration synthesis monosaccharides disaccharide | H2O maltose | glucose | glucose | maltose glycosidic linkage

Building sugars Dehydration synthesis monosaccharides disaccharide | H2O | glucose | fructose | sucrose (table sugar) sucrose = table sugar

Polysaccharides Polymers of sugars Function: costs little energy to build easily reversible = release energy Function: energy storage starch (plants) glycogen (animals) in liver & muscles structure cellulose (plants) chitin (arthropods & fungi) Polysaccharides are polymers of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides

Linear vs. branched polysaccharides slow release starch (plant) energy storage Can you see the difference between starch & glycogen? Which is easier to digest? Glycogen = many branches = many ends Enzyme can digest at multiple ends. Animals use glycogen for energy storage == want rapid release. Form follows function. APBio/TOPICS/Biochemistry/MoviesAP/05_07Polysaccharides_A.swf glycogen (animal) fast release

Polysaccharide diversity Molecular structure determines function in starch in cellulose isomers of glucose structure determines function…