The Basics of Social Research 2/e

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Presentation transcript:

The Basics of Social Research 2/e Babbie

Chapter 1 Human Inquiry and Science Looking For Reality The Foundations of Social Science: Logic and Observation Some Dialectics of Social Research

How We Know What We Know Direct Experience and Observation Personal Inquiry Tradition Authority

Looking for Reality Two Criteria Logical support - must make sense Empirical support - must not contradict actual observation.

Errors in Personal Inquiry Inaccurate observations Overgeneralization Selective observation Illogical Reasoning

Views of Reality Premodern - Things are as they seem to be. Modern - Acknowledgment of human subjectivity. Postmodern -There is no objective reality to be observed.

Aspects of the Scientific Enterprise Theory - deals with logic. Data collection - deals with observation. Data Analysis - deals with the comparison of what is logically expected with what is actually observed.

Social Regularities Patterns in social life Examples: Only people aged 18 and above can vote. Only people with a license can drive.

Aggregates The collective actions and situations of many individuals. Focus of social science is to explain why aggregated patterns of behavior are so regular even when the individuals change over time.

Variables and Attributes Age young, middle aged, old Gender female, male Occupation doctor, laborer, teacher Social Class upper, middle, lower