Petrochemical Industry
Petroleum Refining- The Mother Industry C R U D E O I L 5-6%
Product Petrochemical feed-stocks Petroleum Fuels C2-C3 gas Hydrogen Lubricants Syngas Sulfur Petrochemical feed-stocks C2-C3 gas LPG C4 stream Naphtha for light olefins Naphtha for aromatics Kerosene Gas oil for cracking
Ethylene, Propylene, 1.3-Butadiene & BTX, Petrochemicals- The Origin CRUDE OIL REFINARY FEEDSTOCKS Gas, Naphtha, Gas Oil, Kerosene PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY BASIC CHEMICALS Ethylene, Propylene, 1.3-Butadiene & BTX, PETROCHEMICALS PE,PP,PVC,PS,PBR,MEG,LAB,ACN, AF, PTA, PHA, MA,CPL
Basic/Building block Chemicals Ethylene Propylene Butadiene (1,3) Benzene Toulene Xylenes
Petrochemicals from Ethylene
Petrochemicals from Propylene
Petrochemicals from Butadiene Polybutadiene Rubber PBR Styrene-Butadiene Rubber SBR Acrylonitrile- Butadiene -Styrene ABS Adiponitrile ADN Specialty Polymers / Chemicals
Petrochemicals from Benzene
Petrochemicals from Toluene Benzene Xylenes Specialty/ Functionalized chemicals
Petrochemicals from Xylenes O-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene Phthalic anhydride Terephthalic acid PTA Iso-phthalic acid Plasticizers PET Polyesters
Table.3. Major petrochemical processes & catalysts Catalysts/Processes Aromatics Naphtha reforming- Production of Gasoline & BTX Pt-Re/Al2O3, Pt-Sn/Al2O3, Semi-regenerative/ CCR UOP/Axens/Criterion/Chevron/IPCL/RIL Xylene Isomerization- Towards maximization of p-Xylene- EB Conversion/ EB dealkylation prcesses ZSM-5 Composite UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil Zeolyst , IPCL/RIL C7+C9 Aromatics Transalkylation- Upgradation of low value C7& C9 streams, towards maximization of p-Xylene UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil,SK Corpn Toluene Disproportionation- Up gradation of low value C7 stream- Value added products- Benzene & p- Xylene UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil, Alkylation of Toluene/ Ethylbenzne- Value added products- p-Xylene & PDEB Pore regulated ZSM-5 IPCL/RIL, UOP
Dehydrogenation C3 ,C4 paraffins to Olefins- Monomers- Propylene, Iso-butene Cr2 O3/Al2O3, Pt-Sn/Al2O3, UOP, CATOFIN, Phillips, Linde C10-C13 paraffins to Mono olefins- For alkylation with Benzene to Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) Pt-Sn/Al2O3, UOP, IFP,IPCL/RIL Ethyl benzene to Styrene Fe-K/Al2O3 UOP
Hydrogenation Acetylenics in C2/C3/C4 hydrocarbon streams- Purification of monomers Pd/Ni supported on alumina with promoters Axens, Sud-Chemie, BASF Benzene to Cyclohexane- For caprolactum production Ni/Alumina, Pt/Alumina Axens, SC,UOP Hydrogenation of Oils/Fats Ni/Alumina Purification of PTA- removal of 4-CBA Pd/Carbon BASF, Sud-Chemie,Chemit Hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds Supported Ni/Pd with promoters
Oxidation /Epoxidation /Oxychlrination / Ammoxidation Ethylene to Ethylene oxide Promoted Ag/Alumina, DOW,Shell,Sci.Design Ethylene to Acetic acid Supported Pd Ethylene+ HCl to Ethylene dichloride CuCl2- KCl/Alumina BASF, KNF, Oxyvinyl Propylene to Acrylonitrile Molybdates of Bi,Fe,Ni/Silica Ineos Propylene to Acrylic acid V-P-O,Ineos Propylene to Propylene oxide Supported Mo Oxides/Au O-Xylene to Phthalic anhydride Vanadia/TiO2 P-Xylene to Purified Terephthalic acid (PTA) Co-Mn fatty acids Butane to Maleic anhydride V-P-O, Ineos
Polymer Processes Ethylene to Polyethylene LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE Ethylene to Polyethylene LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE High pressure tubular process (LDPE) Chevron-Phillips slurry process Basell Spherilene process ( LLDPE/HDPE) NOVA- Sclairtech process ( LLDPE/HDPE) Propylene to Polypropylene PP, PE Copolymers Basell Spheripol PP process Dow UNIPOL PP process Borstar PP process Vinyl chloride to Polyvinyl chloride PVC Innovyl Suspension PVC UHDE, Goodrich process
Polymer Processes Ethylene to Polyethylene LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE Ethylene to Polyethylene LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE High pressure tubular process (LDPE) Chevron-Phillips slurry process Basell Spherilene process ( LLDPE/HDPE) NOVA- Sclairtech process ( LLDPE/HDPE) Propylene to Polypropylene PP, PE Copolymers Basell Spheripol PP process Dow UNIPOL PP process Borstar PP process Vinyl chloride to Polyvinyl chloride PVC Innovyl Suspension PVC UHDE, Goodrich process