Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy By: Adam Richmond

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy = uses a special chamber, sometimes called a pressure chamber, to allow a person to get high levels of oxygen in the blood. This means that the air inside the pressurized chamber is typically 2 1/2 times greater than normal atmospheric pressure. This leads to your blood carrying larger amounts of oxygen, and bringing this oxygen to organs and tissues in the body. By doing so, wounds, particularly infected wounds, can heal more readily.

HBOT – The Chamber shell – steel or aluminum windows – acrylic human entrance w/ air lock system observation window & intercom system carbon dioxide scrubber control panel

windows human entrance control panel shell

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 6 lbs. O2 per/day  2 lbs. O2 absorbed into blood Hemoglobin = metalloprotein in RBCs that hold/transports O2 1g hemoglobin = 1.34 mL O2 @ atmospheric pressure 100% O2 administered @ 2-3 times the atmospheric pressure pO2 = 39 mmHg vs. pO2 = 50-80 mmHg  pressure =  O2 absorption 7.5 lbs. O2  1 hour  RBC fill  extra O2 dissolves in blood plasma for transport

HBOT— The role of O2 in the body Cofactor enzymes: mono-oxygenase Intradioxygenase Interdioxygenase  O2 =  ATP collagen deposition/synthesis angiogenesis/epithelization O2 = antioxidant  protects tissues from free radicals trauma  physiological response  vasoconstriction  hypoxia hypoxia – reduces cellular metabolism -  defense mechanism -  repair of injured cells

HBOT— What is it USED for? Decompression sickness Arterial gas embolism Carbon monoxide poisoning Osteomyelitis Skin grafts Burns Necrotizing fascitis Anemia Gas gangrene Chronic non-healing wounds Sports injuries and more…

HBOT— Primary and Secondary Effects Decompression sickness Air embolus syndrome HBOT— Primary and Secondary Effects http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic526.htm Boyle law - Gas volume inversely proportional to pressure Hyperbaric diffusion gradient favors gas leaving the bubble and oxygen moving in, metabolizing oxygen in the bubble Law of La Place p-4t/r Bubbles unstable as they decrease in size

HBOT— Decompression sickness diver resurfaces too quickly gas bubbles form in tissue and blood blocks lymphatics, veins and arteries HBOT reduces bubble size corrects hypoxia

HBOT— Sports Injuries trauma  physiological response  vasoconstriction  hypoxia ischemia = swelling cuts off O2 circulation to the affected areas  O2 leads to…   collagen deposition/synthesis   angiogenesis/epithelization   ATP  recovery time Performance  speeds recovery between workouts

HBOT— Treatment *Average 90 min. HBOT Rx = $300 - $400 2.0 ATA oxygen X 90 minutes  wound healing  comprised skin grafts  thermal burns  osteomyelitis  crush injury/compartment syndrome 2.5 ATA oxygen X 90 minutes  nonclostridial gas gangrene  necrotizing infections  radiation tissue injury 3.0 ATA oxygen X 90 minutes  carbon monoxide poisoning  clostridial gas gangrene *Average 90 min. HBOT Rx = $300 - $400 * Most ailments require 30-40 sessions

HBOT— Contraindications Claustrophobia Pneumothorax Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Seizure disorders Pregnancy Upper Respiratory Infection Hypothermia Heredity spherocytosis Optic neuritis Malignant tumors Acidosis DRUGS Cis-platinum Doxorubicin Bleomycin Steroids Alcohol Aromatic hydrocarbons Disulfiram Nicotine

HBOT— Oxygen Toxicity severe hyperoxia caused by breathing oxygen at elevated partial pressures precise mechanism(s) of the damage are not known CNS oxygen toxicity nausea and vomiting seizures sweating pallor muscle twitching Pulmonary oxygen toxicity dry cough substernal chest pain bronchitis anxiety tinnitis hallucinations vertigo hiccups shortness of breath pulmonary edema/fibrosis

References Emedicine from WebMD. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy page. Available at http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic526.htm. Accessed November 28, 2006. HBOT Treatment. Hyperbaric and Sports Injury. Available at http://www.hbotreatment.com/terrellowenshyperbaric%20print.htm Accessed November 28, 2006. Li-Chen Lin, Yu-Ying Tang. Kwua-Yun Wang. The Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Improving the Quality of Life in Patients with Problem Wounds. Journal of Nursing Research. 2006; 14:219-227. Medline Plus. Medical Encyclopedia. Available at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002375.htm. Accessed November 28, 2006. Tibbles, P.M. and J.S. Edelsberg. Hyperbaric-Oxygen Therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1996; 334:1642-1648. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy. Accessed November 28, 2006.