Going Going, Back Back, to Cali Cali Because of the California Gold Rush the population of California EXPLODED In 1848 there were about 157,000 people living in California 150,000 Native Americans 6,500 of Spanish or Mexican descent known as Californios Fewer than 800 non-native Americans

Going Going, Back Back, to Cali Cali By early 1850 there were 100,000 non-natives living in California By the mid 1850’s there were over 300,000 non-natives in California 1 in 90 people in the U.S. lived in California! Because of this population explosion California became a state only 2 years after the territory was added to the U.S.

Going Going, Back Back, to Cali Cali As we will see Californian statehood would NOT be an easy or even happy addition to the United States We will spending the first part of the class talking about slavery in new U.S. territories and states

Interactive Notebook Setup 11/29/2017 Expansion of Slavery and the Compromise of 1850 This will be one page

Slavery in the Territories Compromise of 1850

Slavery in the Territories As the U.S. added millions of square miles during the 1840’s and 1850’s the question slavery in these territories would be a huge issue Much of the land added was generally uninhabited by non-natives That meant that generally there was no slavery in these newly acquired areas

Slavery in the Territories David Wilmot a representatives from Pennsylvania proposed the Wilmot Proviso The Wilmot Proviso would outlaw slavery in ALL territory gained from Mexico This passed the House of Representatives, but the senate did not vote on the issue

Slavery in the Territories The Wilmot Proviso increased tension between the North and South over slavery Wilmot’s anti-slavery bill was never made law

Slavery in the Territories The Missouri Compromise drew a line for where slavery could and could not be This had been made decades and millions of square miles ago

Slavery in the Territories Many on both sides of the slavery issue favored popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty meant that the people in the territories should chose if their territory would or would not have slavery This was a popular, yet vague solution to the issue

The Big Three’s Last Hurrah

Slavery in the Territories The issue of slavery in the territories came to a head with the request for statehood of the California territory California showed the problem with the Missouri Compromise California would also lead to the creation of another major compromise

The Compromise of 1850 California had a very small slave population This was due to its history of being a part of Mexico, a nation which had outlawed slavery California would likely enter the US as a free state, giving the North a significant advantage in the Senate This meant that the South needed to be given SOMETHING in exchange for accepting California as a free state

The Compromise of 1850 Then president Zachary Taylor was a strong advocate of popular sovereignty Taylor was NOT OK with any Southern threats of leaving the Union

The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay submitted a compromise dealing with the addition of California and slavery in the territories It was a combination of six proposals that all formed into one bill Called an Omnibus Bill

Clay’s Proposal 1. The admission of California as a free state. 2.      The division of the remainder of the Mexican cession into the territories, New Mexico and Utah, without federal restrictions on slavery. 3.      The settlement of the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute on terms favorable to New Mexico. 4.      An agreement that the federal government would settle all of Texas’ public debt. 5.      Abolish of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. 6.      And lastly a more effective fugitive slave law.

The Compromise of 1850 Clay’s initial bill did not pass John C. Calhoun warned the South would leave the Union if slavery was not protected President Taylor refused to negotiate as a result of this

Compromise of 1850 Clay would have to leave the senate due to illness Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas took over

Compromise of 1850 On July 9th of 1850 President Zachary Taylor died Cause is not totally known but it had something to do with eating too many cherries and iced milk…seriously Millard Fillmore took office and he was more willing to compromise

Compromise of 1850 With Douglas and Fillmore at the helm a successful compromise was reached Douglas broke the Omnibus Bill into individual sections to be voted on one by one Douglas also added popular sovereignty to the N.M and Utah Territories to Clay’s bill

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state New Mexico and Utah territory organized on basis of popular sovereignty Texas reduced to present size & compensated with $ 10 Million

Compromise of 1850 Slave trade (but not slavery) abolished in the District of Columbia

Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act made federal government responsible for catching & returning escaped slaves Without question the most controversial part of the compromise New law forcibly compelled citizens to assist in the capture of runaway slaves

Fugitive Slave Law

Compromise of 1850 Denied slaves the right to a jury trial Raised punishment for anyone impeding the capture of runaway slaves from $1000 fine to 6 months in jail Many runaway slaves in the North left their homes and fled to Canada During the next ten years, an estimated 20,000 blacks moved to the neighboring country

Fugitive Slave Act One of the greatest response to the Fugitive Slave Act was the growth of the Underground Railroads A nationwide network to assist runaway slaves developed throughout the U.S.