AP EURO Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century PPT #511 Imperialism and Migration of Late 19th Century

Wages during Industrial Revolution

The Great Migration Population doubled during 19th Century 188 million in 1800 432 million in 1900 Why? Agricultural revolution – food supply increased Efficiency made fewer farmers needed

The Great Migration Mass emigration 60 million just left Europe 1815-1932 11 million in just 1900-1910 Usually the more successful farmers/artisans Looking for opportunity Most were young, single – in the prime of their lives… How would this effect Europe? How would this effect USA? Where else would they go?

Western Imperialism Why would European nations want colonies? Think … industrial Revolution… Cheap resources People to “buy” there stuff During the final 1/3 of century… 1/5 of land 1/10 of all population Came to be controlled and “owned” by Europeans

Motivating factors for imperialism Invest in land What effect will superior technology have on how the Europeans see themselves? Read White Man’s Burden Make world more like your home They could subdue, trick or force THIRD WORLD regions to succumb

Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899 This famous poem, written by Britain's imperial poet, was a response to the American take over of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. Born in British India in 1865, Rudyard Kipling was educated in England before returning to India in 1882, where his father was a museum director and authority on Indian arts and crafts. He wrote the Jungle book in the mid-1890s, then this prose in 1899, encouraging the Americans to be responsible to their new colony. Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.

Egypt Started behaving independent of Ottoman control as early as 1805 Muhammad Ali appointed governor – pushed for Arab autonomy Encouraged public works projects – created massive debt – led to Br/Fr occupation Suez Canal French built British partial owners

Africa Only 10% colonized by 1880 New Imperialism Only coastline Fueling to get to India and far east New Imperialism Spirit of competition all of Africa compromised by 1900 THE “SCRAMBLE” FOR AFRICA What happened? Why?

Conflict in Africa Cecil Rhodes South Africa Gold and silver mines Diamond mines Rhodesia South Africa Boar War – 1899-1902 Boar = Settlers from Netherlands (Afrikaners) Zaire (Democratic Republic of Africa King Leopold of Belgium British took over Egypt 1882 Vital to control of Suez & cotton industry there

Germany in Africa Bismarck saw this “scramble” as dangerous Berlin Conference of 1884 Goal: prevent a war between European powers Bismarck reluctantly agreed to some colonies Took a few pieces of land on coasts

China Interest grew: 1800s – British sought to rebalance trade 1700s: 200 chests/year By start of 1800s: 4,500 chests by 1838: 40,000 chests China had controlled trade – arrogant & proud 1800s – British sought to rebalance trade Used opium from India to get youth addicted

The Opium War Led to Opium War (1839) British won - created SPHERES OF INFLUENCE Dispute led to Second Opium WAR (1856) Br. And Fr. Together – started carving up China

India Spices, mostly Investments from Portugal, Britain and France British hired Indian soldiers (Sepoys) Sepoy Rebellion (1857) British Annexation British Empire British “Raj” 1858-194 Modern roads, RR, irrigation, schools…