Chivalry, Castles, and Japan

What was Chivalry? Chivalry  A knights code of honor >Knight: warrior on horseback  Fought and remained brave and loyal for God, Lord, and Lady Training for knights  Began at age 7 as a page  Age 14, he became a squire  Age 21, he became a knight

PAGE SQUIRE KNIGHT The Road to Knighthood -At age 7, a boy was considered a page. He would be sent off to another Lord’s castle and he would basically be a servant to the Lord as he learned the code of chivalry & practiced fighting skills PAGE SQUIRE KNIGHT -Around age 14 or 15, a page reached the level of a squire. They became a servant to a knight and shadowed them, continued learning to fight and practicing chivalry. -At age 21, squires reached the rank of knighthood. Knights were expected to display courage in battle and loyalty to their Lord. They also protected the weak and the poor

Chivalry: Tournaments Knights fought in Tournaments  A mixture of recreation and combat training (sword play, gauntlets, jousting, obstacle courses to show who had the best skills…) >Rival knights from competing kingdoms would compete against each other.  Winners got large rewards, titles or moved up in rank from knights to nobles, could be given land, etc. from defeated knights, kingdoms, or their own Lord.

Chivalry- Literature of the Time The Literature of Chivalry  Entertainment for Feudal lords and ladies  Epic stories like King Arthur’s Court and Charlemagne were written to show knights as heroes. If knights had done any bad deeds, the stories and poems did not mention those… they were down played. >Literature from this time, glorified knighthood and idealized castle life. It did not tell of the brutal elements of warfare or tournaments

Chivalry – Bors chose to save a maiden rather than his brother Lionel (and NO the one guy is NOT naked… He has on white shorts.

Castles Attacking armies would carefully plan how to “capture a castle”. Engineers would look for weak spots & then they would use various tactics, strategies and weapons to overthrow their enemies. Each part or feature of the castle, had a job or purpose

Main Parts of a Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

Real life castles- Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

Chauvigny Castle, France, 11c

Spanish Castle, 14c

Methods in Attacking a Castle Deception: Spies were used to infiltrate the castle. They could, at night, open the castle gates to attack from within. 2. Treachery: Someone trusted within the power structure of the castle could give misleading information that would bring down the castle. He could for example report that there were many more troops attacking than there actually were. 3. Starvation: This was a method used but it often meant many months, sometimes even a year or more. The attackers would camp outside the castle until those inside surrendered.

4. Biological warfare: An attacking force could launch the remains of rotting corpses into the castle causing outbreaks of life-threatening illness. 5. Simple storm: The attacking force could try to overwhelm the castle by attacking a specific area at once. 6. Mining: The attacking force would actually dig tunnels under the castle. They would do this to both enter the castle and hurt the structure.

Weapons/ Methods in Attacking a Castle Catapults - A catapult was a large machine used to throw objects, often rocks, arrows, pots of fire, or even spears, at a castle. This would destroy the castle walls and buildings

Methods in Attacking a Castle Trebuchet - Similar to the catapult in that it was designed to throw large objects but it was more efficient than a catapult because it could be built faster and at less cost. Yet it could throw heavier objects even further.

Methods in Attacking a Castle Battering Rams: They were large mechanical objects, often on wheels that were used to ram the walls and doors of a castle in an attempt to break them down. Often times battering rams were part of a siege tower.

Methods in Attacking a Castle Siege Towers: Were wooden towers often built at the site of the siege. They were built to the height of the castle walls and were on wheels so they could be rolled up to the wall. Then the attackers could cross right over into the castle.

Both had: THOSE WHO FIGHT Feudalism was a local military solution to a national problem. Warriors had to furnish their own weapons & horses Lord - Daimyo Knights - Samurai Fief - Shugo Europe Called them > Japan Called <them

GREAT LORDS or DAIMYO Hereditary nobles Independent kingdoms or manors Local government Local rules, taxes Feudal armies, castles Constant warfare

CODES OF CONDUCT Bushido and Chivalry Samurai means servant; bushido means Way of the Warrior; be loyal, fight, die for lord Chivalry derived from Cheval (horse) - knights furnished own horse, armor; defend women, church, poor, fight as last resort

THOSE WHO PRAY JAPAN FEUDAL EUROPE -Age of Faith: Church & Pope were important -Church owns land & is part of government -Church administers education, social welfare JAPAN Numerous faiths: Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism Zen Buddhism became samurai favorite Clergy, faith only had limited influence

THOSE WHO WORK FEUDAL Europe JAPAN -Peasants produce food -Serfs = lowest class - Owed 1/3 to 1/5 of produce to lord -Few rights, often did not own land - Could be used as soldiers JAPAN -Peasants produce food -Possessed some rights to land -Villages self-governing -Protected by daimyo, samurai

ECONOMICS BOTH Manorialism Shoen Agriculture was dominant Not monetized economies (didn’t use money, used trade) Manorialism -Self-sufficient -Serfs -Wheat was main crop Shoen -Shoen traded -Peasants -Rice was main crop

DIFFERENCES FEUDAL EUROPE Power=Emperor, Shogun JAPAN Power=Emperor, Shogun Religion not in government, but blended elements of Buddhism, Shinto, and Confucianism. FEUDAL EUROPE - Power= The Pope, Kings, Lords Shared common faith-Christianity -Feudal contracts

ENDINGS EUROPE JAPAN Peasants revolted, Economy went back to being Disease (The Plague) wiped out a lot of the population, Peasants revolted, Economy went back to being Based on money instead of land JAPAN Peasants revolted, isolated due To being located on islands, so as their population grew and other cultures moved to Japan, Feudalism Gradually declined.

Similarities & Differences Work with your partner and list 3 similarities and 3 differences