People Places Religion Events Words & Terms 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

They received few benefits for their long hours of work.

serfs

People who met to choose the pope.

cardinals

They held onto the Holy Land despite the Crusades.

Muslim Turks

They entertained the lord with jokes and pranks.

jesters

Powerful rulers of nation-states at the end of the Middle Ages.

kings

Place where a serf lived and worked.

Manor or estate

Where castles were often built.

Cliff or hilltop

City where the pope lived.

Rome or Vatican City

Where an abbot could be found.

monastery

The pope hoped the Crusaders would capture it.

The Holy Land

The principal religion of medieval times in Europe.

Catholic

Supervised the work of priests in his district.

bishop

Copied Greek and Roman manuscripts.

monks

A court to investigate heretics (people who committed “crimes against the Church.”)

Inquisition

Nickname of the period during medieval times when religion was of special importance.

“Age of Faith”

A time of fear and confusion because of threat of attack.

Dark Ages

It was also called the Medieval Period.

Middle Ages

Military expeditions organized by the pope.

Crusades

This happened when a person committed heresy (crime against the Church).

excommunication

A popular competitive event that involved lances and horses.

Tournament or jousting

Gear that protected a knight in battle.

armor

Travelers who played instruments and sang songs to entertain lords in the countryside.

minstrels

Relationship between lords (gave land to vassals), vassals (protected lords and serfs), and serfs (worked the land for lords).

Feudalism or feudal system

A water-filled ditch surrounding a castle, protecting it from attack A water-filled ditch surrounding a castle, protecting it from attack. A drawbridge was used to cross it.

moat

Land given to a vassal by a lord.

fief