IP Address.

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Presentation transcript:

IP Address

IP Address IP address is short for Internet Protocol (IP) address. Every machine has a unique identifier on a network. Computers use the unique identifier to communicate to specific computers on a network. The unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address. e.g. NADRA assigns a CNIC # to a person which is unique in whole Pakistan.

IP Address Versions of IP Address IPv4 (Present) IPv6 (Future – 128bit) IPv4 ------- 32bit Address 1 bit is 0 / 1 X . X . X . X 8bit . 8bit . 8bit . 8bit = 32 bit

IP Address Calculation Table 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Calculation Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128+64 192 128+64+32 224 128+64+32+16 240 128+64+32+16+8 248 128+64+32+16+8+4 252 128+64+32+16+8+4+2 254 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 255

IP Address 100 in Binary 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 200 in Binary 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

IP Address Two portion of IP Address Network Portion Host Portion Type of IP Address Public Buy from IANA Unique on Internet Private Predefined by IANA Don’t use on Internet Local Area Network (LAN) We use internet on private IP address. This is because of NAT feature in our device

IP Address Classification of IP Address Class Range Usage N/w bits Host bits S Mask A 0 – 126 Data Comm 8 24 255.0.0.0 B 128 – 191 = 16 255.255.0.0 C 192 – 223 255.255.255.0 D 224 – 239 Multicast - E 240 – 255 R & D Note: Value 127 is not in any class, it is reserved for loopback testing. The loopback IP address is the address used to access itself.

IP Address Classes X 0-255=256 A Network Host B C

A 256 B C IP Address Calculation of Valid Hosts Classes X Total 16777216-2 16777214 B 65536-2 65534 C 256-2 254

IP Address What is Network Identifier (ID)? When we consider host portion to all 0’s, we get Network ID What is Broadcast Identifier (ID)? When we ON all bits of host portion OR consider host portion to all 1’s, we get Broadcast ID.

IP Address Classes Network ID Subnet Mask A 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 B 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 C 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0

IP Address Private IP addresses A B C 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Classes Network ID Subnet Mask Broadcast ID 1st IP address Last IP address A 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 10.0.0.1 10.255.255.254 B 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255 172.16.0.1 172.16.255.254 C 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.254

Thank you