Quantitative design: Ungraded review questions

Mary Mei conducted a longitudinal study by following cohorts from 2001 to 2008. She implemented a new math program at Grade 4 and monitor student progress until Grade 10. What is/are the possible threat(s) against internal validity of this study? History. Maturation. Regression to the mean. All of the above

Sue Yu recruited 100 youths from a church by convenience sampling, and then introduced a 6-month discipleship program to them. She compared the pretest and the posttest scores of spirituality to investigate whether the program could make a difference. Assume that the spirituality scale is good (reliable and valid), what is/are the possible threat(s) against internal validity of this study? Selection of subjects (sampling bias) Mortality (drop out). Testing effect All of the above

Dr. Digging Grave ran an experiment by assigning the students into two groups. The control group used the regular curriculum whereas the treatment group adopted a new one used by the honor program. What is/are the potential problem(s) in this study? John Henry effect The control is not comparable to the treatment. What Dr. Grave did is unethical. All of the above

Dr. Donald Doug randomly assigned students into two groups Dr. Donald Doug randomly assigned students into two groups. In the treatment group the participants watched a multimedia tutorial on statistics. Dr. Doug wants to know whether using multimedia could enhance test performance in statistics. What is/are the potential threat(s) against external validity of this study? Multiple treatment interference John Henry effect Selection bias All of the above

In research design we need to be proactive by anticipating the potential threats against the validity of the study. This is in alignment with which criterion of research design? Completeness Efficiency Insight All of the above