Introduction to TCP/IP Chapter Seven Introduction to TCP/IP
220-901 Objectives Covered 2.3 Explain properties and characteristics of TCP/IP. IPv4 vs. IPv6 Public vs. private vs. APIPA/link local Static vs. dynamic Client-side DNS settings Client-side DHCP Subnet mask vs. CIDR Gateway 2.4 Explain common TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purpose. Ports 21 – FTP 22 – SSH 23 – Telnet 25 – SMTP 53 – DNS 80 – HTTP 110 – POP3 143 – IMAP 443 – HTTPS 3389 – RDP 137-139, 445 – SMB 548 or 427 – AFP Protocols DHCP DNS LDAP SNMP SMB CIFS SSH AFP TCP vs. UDP
TCP/IP and OSI
TCP/IP Structure
Process/Application Layer AFP CIFS DHCP DNS FTP HTTP/HTTPS IMAP LDAP POP3/SMTP RDP SFTP SMB SNMP SSH Telnet
Host-to-Host Layer TCP Connection oriented UDP Connectionless
Common Port Numbers Service Protocol Port FTP TCP 20, 21 SSH 22 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 DNS TCP/UDP 53 HTTP 80 DHCP UDP 67, 68 SMB/CIFS 137-139, 445 POP3 110 IMAP4 143 SNMP 161 LDAP 389 AFP 427, 548 HTTPS 443 RDP 3389
Internet Layer Internet Protocol (IP) ICMP ARP RARP
IPv4 Addressing Parts of an IP Address Subnet Mask Classes Network Host Subnet Mask Classes Class First Octet Default Subnet Mask Comments A 1-127 255.0.0.0 For very large networks B 128-191 255.255.0.0 For medium sized networks C 192-223 255.255.255.0 For smaller networks with fewer hosts D 224-239 N/A Reserved for multicasts (sending messages to multiple systems) E 240-255 Reserved for testing
DHCP and DNS DHCP Provides IP configuration information to hosts on a network IP address Subnet mask Default gateway DNS server address DNS Resolves host names to IP addresses
Private IP Addresses and APIPA Network Address Translation (NAT) Private IP Address Ranges: APIPA Range: 169.254.0.0/16 Class IP Address Range Subnet Mask Number of Hosts A 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 16.7 million B 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 255.255.0.0 1 million C 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255 255.255.255.0 65,536
IPv6 128-bit address No separate subnet mask Written in hexadecimal Unicast, anycast, multicast Link local vs. APIPA