Skeletal System

Entrance Question Explain the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems?

Answer: The body is organized into cells, tissues, organs, organs systems. Cells that have similar functions make up tissue; two or more types of tissue work together to form an organ; organs work together to form a system.

Objective 3.2 Relate major tissues and organs of the skeletal system to their functions.

Objectives Functions Structures Name 3 of the 4 functions of the skeletal system. Name 1 mineral that is stored by the bones. Identify where blood cells are made. Structures Identify which division of the skeleton is for protection and which is for movement. Name 1 place cartilage is located and explain what it does. Explain the difference between a ligament and a tendon. If you break a bone how does it heal? What is the process called? Label 8 bones on the skeletal system diagram.

Let’s ask the experts What is the skeletal system? http://www.brainpop.com/health/skeletalsystem/skeleton/

Functions of the Skeletal System: 1. Movement Strong framework on which muscles can act 2. Supports & protects organs 3. Regulates and stores body minerals and fats calcium, phosphorus 4. Produces red and white blood cells in bone marrow

One of the hard parts forming the skeleton in vertebrate animals. Bone One of the hard parts forming the skeleton in vertebrate animals.

Bones are composed of tissue that may take one of two form Bones are composed of tissue that may take one of two form. Most bones contain both types. Compact- dense bone Spongy- cancellous bone

Compact bone- is dense , hard, and forms the protective exterior portion of all bones. Spongy bone- is inside the compact bone and is very porous (full of tiny holes) occurs in most bones.

Structure of bones Red marrow Yellow marrow

http://www.brainpop.com/health/skeletalsystem/bonestructure/

Bone tissue The bone tissue is composed of several types of bone cells embedded in a web of inorganic salts (mostly calcium and phosphorus) to give the bone strength and collagenous fibers and ground substance to give the bone flexibility.

Bone marrow- the soft reddish substance inside the center of many bones that is involved in the production of blood cells and storage of fat.

Types of bone marrow Yellow marrow- yellow fatty tissue that fills the central cavities of long and stores fat in bones. In children, more red marrow fills the center of long bones. Red marrow-  is the site of red and white blood cell production. It is found inside of long bones. This red marrow is replaced with yellow marrow as children become adults.

Food for thought Why do children have more red marrow in the center of their bones than adults?

Write this down. adult skeleton- Newborn have more cartilage 206 bones Bones start as cartilage Human babies contains more bones which begin to fuse together as the child grows.

Development of Skeleton Bone tissue is stained red. Note development of the skull (suture lines), rib cage, and extremities.

No bones about it! The bones of the body fall into four general categories: Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones

Four types of bones Long bones – extremities Short bones – cube-shaped, wrist & ankle Flat bones – skull, sternum, scapula, ribs Irregular bones – vertebrae, pelvis Let’s review each one.

Long Bones Are longer than they are wide Work as levers Upper and lower extremities (examples- humerus, tibia, femur, ulna, metacarpals, etc.)

Short Bones minimal or no shaft Often square or cube shaped and found in the wrist and ankles.

Flat Bone Skull Two sheets of compact bone Spongy bone They have broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles.

Irregular bones Bones of the face and vertebrae They have varied shapes, sizes and surface features. All other bones that do not fall into the previous categories.

(aka cranium) scapula carpals metacarpals phalanges tarsals metatarsals phalanges

Cartilage Lines the surface of joints so they move smoothly Cushions vertebrae Supports nose and ears

Movement Ligaments Tendons Bone to bone at a joint Muscle to muscle Prevents excessive movement Tendons Muscle to muscle Muscle to bone Play the air piano!!…what you see in your hands are your tendons working

99% of body calcium is in your bones!!! Care 99% of body calcium is in your bones!!! Nutrition: minerals Calcium builds strong bones Found in dairy products During teen years, body builds most of its bone mass Phosphorus Combines with calcium Milk, peas, beans, liver, cottage cheese, broccoli Exercise Weight-bearing exercises increase bone mass Promotes blood circulation which increases bone nourishment

Fractures Fracture: any type of break 2 types Closed (aka simple) Nothing protrudes/sticks out Open ( aka compound) One or both bone ends project through skin

Compound Fracture

Simple fracture

Osteoporosis Bone density decreases Osteo = bones Porosis =full of holes Bone density decreases Bones become brittle and easily fractured Women are more vulnerable Osteoporosis Normal Bone Spine compression

A part of the body where bones are connected. Joints- A part of the body where bones are connected.

Types of joints

Move this way Ball-and-socket circular movement (shoulder and hip) Hinge backward and forward (knee and elbow) Pivot allows the head to rotate Gliding/sliding bones of the wrist and ankle Cartilaginous joints in the skull; aka immovable

http://www.brainpop.com/health/skeletalsystem/joints/

Want to see something interesting?

A condition that causes abnormal shortness of the metatarsal bones A condition that causes abnormal shortness of the metatarsal bones. The person is born with this condition.

Exit question Describe four important functions of the skeletal system.