The Noninsect Hexapoda: Protura, Collembola, and Diplura CHAPTER 18 The Noninsect Hexapoda: Protura, Collembola, and Diplura Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

A mass of the aquatic collembolan, Podura aquatica (Poduridae), supported by surface tension of a saline tide pool in Agadir, Morocco. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 18.1 Protura: a, Acerentomidae, dorsal (Acerentus barberi); b, Acerentomidae, dorsal aspect of head (Acerentomon); c, longitudinal section of head, diagrammatic; d, transverse section of head, diagrammatic. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 18.2 Collembola: a, Sminthuridae (Neosminthurus curvisetis); b, Onychiuridae (Onychiurus subtenuis). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 18.3 Collembola and Diplura. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 18.4 Collembola: Entomobryidae, Tomocerus flavescens. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 18.5 Diplura Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 18.6 Reconstruction of a primitive dipluran, Testajapyx thomasi, from the Pennsylvanian Period (= Upper Carboniferous Period; 323–290 million years ago) of Illinois. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.