The Market Revolution & Growing Industry in America

What was the Market Revolution What was the Market Revolution? Development of how goods were processed and made… Also, an improvement in how labor was organized

Effects of the War of 1812 At the end of the War, Americans began to realize their need for easier mobility across the nation This will lead to an increased number of roads, canals, and eventually railways

INFRASTRUCTURE

Also saw an increase in domestic manufacturing This meant that the US was moving away from being so heavily dependent on importing foreign products

New Inventions!

Interchangeable Parts Inventor: Eli Whitney Year: 1801 Whitney first used this concept to create a musket with interchangeable parts Parts were no longer specialized for particular gun (in Whitney’s case) but instead all similar parts fits that model of gun This was later expanded to fit a variety of goods

FARMING & AGRICULTURE

Cotton Gin Inventor: Eli Whitney Year: 1794 Need for cotton by factories in the North A worker could produce fifty times more cotton fiber Increase of slave labor “Cotton Kingdom:” owners of large plantations

“WHITE GOLD”

“COTTON IS KING”

Sewing Machine Inventor: Elias Howe Year: 1846 Made producing clothing efficient Made cloths less expensive so even the lower and middle classes could dress like the wealthier Americans Ties back to cotton

Metal Plow Inventor: John Deere Year: 1837 Blacksmith Tough plains soil could not be plowed by cast iron plow Assisted farmers greatly

Mechanical Reaper Inventor: Cyrus McCormick Year: 1831 Cut wheat many times faster than a human worker could Enabled farmers to cultivate more land with fewer workers Great for the prairies of the Midwest

McCormick’s Reaper is a source of one of the all-time student bloopers: “The McCormick Raper did the work of nine men.”

Transportation and Communication

Steamboat Builder: Robert Fulton Year: 1807 First practical steamboat was called the Clermont Made traveling on river easier and faster Canals Used for trade and the moving of raw materials First oceangoing steamship wouldn’t be produced until 1850 in Great Britain

Erie Canal Chief Engineer: Benjamin Wright NY Gov. DeWitt Clinton Year: 1817-1825 Over 300 miles long 50,000 men → dug by hand Cost: $100 M today Upstate New York Connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean

Telegraph Inventor: Samuel Morse Year: 1844 Revolutionized communication Morse Code Factories in the East could now communicate with markets in the West

On March 24, 1844, the first message – “What hath God wrought On March 24, 1844, the first message – “What hath God wrought?” – was sent. In 1856, the Western Union Company was formed, and by 1866, a transatlantic telegraph cable had been laid between America and Europe.

Transatlantic Cable Builder: Cyrus Fields and Atlantic Telegraph Company Allowed for telegraphs to be sent from the US to Europe

Most telegraph wire is in the NORTH

The NORTH is more INDUSTRIAL The SOUTH is more AGRICULTURAL

Riding the Train…

The Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) line’s Tom Thumb was the first train in the U.S. By the end of 1830, the B&O had carried 80,000 passengers along a 13-mile track.

By 1840, 409 railroads had laid 3,300 miles of track By 1860, America had close to 30,000 miles of rail

Most the railroad track is in the NORTH

Trains had an enormous impact: 1) demand for labor to build tracks encouraged immigration 2) demand for capital to finance the lines attracted foreign investment 3) The ability to transport large amounts of goods and agricultural products opened new markets and linked old ones 4) Communications improved vastly 5) Going from here to there got a whole lot easier!

There’s something about riding a train being quintessential American

Bruce Springsteen uses a train as a metaphor for America

Oh, This Train I’m riding This Train Don’t you wanna ride This Train…

This Train… This Train… This Train…

Grab your ticket and your suitcase Thunder's rolling down this track You don't know where you're goin‘ But you know you won't be back

Well, Darlin' if you're weary Lay your head upon my chest We'll take what we can carry And we'll leave the rest

Well, Big Wheels roll through fields Where sunlight streams Meet me in a land of hope and dreams

I will provide for you And I'll stand by your side You'll need a good companion now For this part of the ride

Yeah, Leave behind your sorrows Let this day be the last Well, Tomorrow there'll be sunshine And all this darkness past

Big wheels roll through fields Where sunlight streams Meet me in a land of hope and dreams

This Train Carries saints and sinners This Train Carries losers and winners This Train Carries whores and gamblers This Train Carries lost souls

I said

This Train Dreams will not be thwarted This Train Faith will be rewarded This Train Hear the steel wheels singin‘ This Train Bells of freedom ringin'

This Train…

Carries saints and sinners This Train Carries losers and winners This Train Carries whores and gamblers This Train Carries lost souls

This Train Carries broken-hearted This Train Thieves and sweet souls departed This Train Carries fools and kings This Train

All aboard I said now

This Train Dreams will not be thwarted This Train Faith will be rewarded This Train Hear the steel wheels singin’ This Train Bells of freedom ringin’

Come on This Train

People Get Ready

You don’t need no ticket

All you gotta do is

Just get on board

Aboard This Train

People Get Ready

You don’t need no ticket

I know you don’t

You don’t need no ticket

You just get on board

People get ready

You just thank the Lord

People get ready

You just thank the Lord

People get ready

You just thank the Lord

People get ready

Come on this train…

Land of Hope and Dreams by Bruce Springsteen & the E-Street Band