War on the Home-front
Mobilizing for Defense Selective Service Instituted the draft (1940) Provided the country with about 10 million soldiers Women Thousands served in the WAAC (Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps) and other auxiliary branches 6 million went to work in war industries (Rosie the Riveter) Minorities Enlisted in the armed forces: 300,000+ Mexican Americans 1 million+ African Americans Tens of thousands of Asian and Native Americans
Mobilizing for Defense War on the Home-front Mobilizing for Defense Manufacturers Converted factories to production of war goods Built and expanded shipyards and defense plants
Mobilizing for Defense War on the Home-front Mobilizing for Defense A. Philip Randolph Organized a march on D.C. that forced FDR to issue an executive order calling on employers and labor unions to stop discriminating against workers
Mobilizing for Defense War on the Home-front Mobilizing for Defense Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) Spurred improvements in radar and sonar Encouraged the use of pesticides to fight insects Pushed the development of “miracle drugs” Developed the atomic bomb
Mobilizing for Defense War on the Home-front Mobilizing for Defense Entertainment Churned out war-oriented propaganda films Created opportunities to escape from the grim realities of war for a few hours What is the message to the general American public? Do you think Walt Disney would produce films like this today? If so, for what cause?
Mobilizing for Defense Office of Price Administration (OPA) Fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods Set up a system for rationing scarce goods War Production Board (WPB) Oversaw the conversion from peacetime to wartime production Allocated raw materials to key industries Organized nationwide scrap drives Rationing Reduced consumption of energy, goods, and supplies deemed essential for the military
How did the war and its immediate aftermath affect the following? Labor Unemployment fell and wages rose Women entered the workforce in record numbers but were forced out after the war Agriculture Farm machinery and fertilizers improved Crop prices, production and income rose Many farmers could pay off their mortgages Population Centers The population of states, cities, and towns with military bases and defense industries increased dramatically
How did the war and its immediate aftermath affect the following? Family Life The number of women juggling work and family increased dramatically The marriage rate increased dramatically Returning GIs GI Bill of Rights dramatically increased the standard of living of many GIs by providing free education, job training and federal housing loans
How did these groups react to discrimination and racism during and after the war? African Americans Founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Staged sit-ins and founded committees to improve race relations Mexican Americans Los Angeles erupted in the “Zoot Suit Riots” Hundreds of Mexican Americans were beaten for allegedly attacking 11 sailors
How did the war and its immediate aftermath affect the following? War on the Home-front How did the war and its immediate aftermath affect the following? Japanese Americans Fought against forced relocation and internment (Korematsu v. U.S.) Founded the Japanese Americans Citizen League and sought compensation for internment