Education, prisons, temperance, women Reforming Society Education, prisons, temperance, women

Matching Manifest Destiny Nativism Wilmot Proviso Horace Mann Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Henry David Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson William Lloyd Garrison Leader of education reform, namely of public schooling Believer in “civil disobdience”, or peaceful protest Father of Transcendental Movement Prominent American abolitionist, journalist, social reformer Proposed a law to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexican in Mexican-American War Officially ended war with Mexico, granted the U.S. land in N.M, Arizona, California,etc. 19th Century belief that expansion was God’s will Policy of promoting interests of natives against those of immigrants

Noah Webster Wrote The American Spelling Book Developed spelling forms unique to America Involved in writing dictionaries

Public School Movement Hoped to increase the number of students going to school Provides the nation with more lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc Makes the nation economically stronger

Public School Movement Reformers would accomplish these goals by arguing for a tax-supported school system Would allow any child to attend school for free Opens up access to education for lower classes Horace Mann- Supported compulsory (required attendance by law) education

Prison Reform Movement aimed to rehabilitate criminals, not just remove them from society Auburn and Pennsylvania system incorporated Auburn: Inmates have strict rules, but work together in day, slept alone in cells Pennsylvania: Inmates repent in strict isolation Auburn model was most popular in the US

Temperance Movement Temperance: attempt to limit alcohol consumption and the social problems that come from alcohol abuse Alcohol was believed to be the source of crime, violence, poverty, sickness, etc

Women’s Movement

Women Face Limits Women could not vote Women could not own property Women were not supposed to speak in public Women could not receive a formal education Women had no rights in divorce

Women Face Limits In the Workplace Women could not work in most professions (other than factory work) Women were paid less for their work

Sojourner Truth Runaway slave Leading figure for women’s rights and abolition

Grimke Sister They argued that: God made men and women equal, so governments should treat men and women equal

Women Leading Reform Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Women’s rights leaders, argued for full equality of women Helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention

Seneca Falls Convention First women’s rights convention Formed a “Declaration of Sentiments” which was similar to the Declaration of Independence, only it was about women’s rights Called for voting rights (suffrage) and equal economic opportunities for women Failed, but started the movement

Susan B. Anthony She argued for women’s suffrage Most of these reforms for women would not come until the 1920’s, but it all started in the early 1800’s

Anti-Slavery Movement

Life Under Slavery Long days and TOUGH work Suffered beatings, whippings, humiliation Denied basic necessities Denied education Families separated

Some slaves tried to escape to: The Northern states Mexico

Resistance to Slavery Nat Turner: Led slave revolt in Virginia (1831) Tried to take weapons storage, but it failed Participants were killed or captured and executed Led Southern slave owners to impose more strict restrictions on slaves, called the “slave codes”

The Abolition Movement Movement to abolish (take away) slavery in the United States

Resistance to Slavery David Walker Used religion to attack slavery Supported black rebellion to crush slavery

William Lloyd Garrison An abolitionist who published his newspaper The Liberator Tried to convince readers that slavery was morally wrong Wanted emancipation (freedom) of slaves immediately with no compensation to slave owners

Frederick Douglass An escaped slave who became an abolitionist leader Published the North Star about abolition Served as an adviser to President Lincoln

Slavery divides the Union Northerners: White workers feared black competitors White business owners feared black entrepreneurs Northern textile mills depended on southern cotton Most northerners did not want to get involved with the issue of slavery

Slavery divides the Union Southerners: Slavery is necessary provides the foundation of the economy Slave labor is superior to wage labor in the north Claimed Christianity supported slavery, enslaved people could not survive without slavery