Lipids Packet #10 Chapter #5

Introduction Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Does not contain as many oxygen molecules as carbohydrates Formed via a condensation reaction and broken apart via hydrolysis 11/11/2018 12:27:27 PM

Functions of Lipids Energy Storage Structural Support Insulation Fats are stored for future energy use Structural Support Phospholipids Critical component of the cell membrane Insulation Especially useful where hair and feathers are of little use Example Underwater Blubber in whales Waterproofing Waxes Leaf cuticles are made of waxes Secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin 11/11/2018 12:27:27 PM

Components of Lipids Lipids are composed of two parts Glycerol Head Hydrophilic Fatty acids Tail Hydrophobic Some lipids have one of the fatty acids replaced by phosphoric acid These are called phospholipids Very important component of the cell membrane 11/11/2018 12:27:27 PM

Glycerol A syrupy, sweet, colorless or yellowish liquid, C3H8O3, obtained from fats and oils as a byproduct of saponification Glycerol is used as a solvent, an antifreeze, a plasticizer, a sweetener Glycerol is used in the production of dynamite, cosmetics, liquid soaps, inks, and lubricants. A reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide, producing a free alcohol and an acid salt, especially alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap.

Fatty Acid Tails Chain of carbon and hydrogen joined together.

Lipids II Lipids can be categorized as fats or oils. Solid at room temperature Oils Liquid at room temperature Saturated Fats vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated A molecule that has only single bonds Found largely in animals Unsaturated A molecule that has one or more multiple bonds Largely comes from plants Better for one’s health because the ”kinks” prevent the fat molecules from packing closely together. Helping reduce heart disease 11/11/2018 12:27:27 PM

Kinks

Phospholipids

Phospholipids Found at the surface of cells Four main components Glycerol Fatty acids PO4 {Phosphate/Phosphate Group} Organic molecule 11/11/2018 12:27:27 PM

Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipid bilayer is a series of phospholipids that are found at the surface of cells and helps make up the cell membrane.

Phospholipid Bi-Layer