Compare and contrast the characteristics of vascular and nonvascular plants. Both

Compare and contrast the characteristics of vascular and nonvascular plants. Both *Largest group *Well developed system for transporting food and water through the plant *True roots, stems, & leaves *Tube-like structures for circulating water & food *Small in size *Not a well-developed system for transporting food & water *Obtains nutrients from the environment and distributes it from cell to cell Plant Kingdom

WARM-UP: 1. The plant shown in the picture to the right is classified as a _____. a. cactus c. conifer b. fern d. oak 2. The structure made up of an embryo, stored food, and an outer coat is the _____. a. bulb b. cones c. root d. seed 3. What characteristic do mosses and ferns share? They are vascular plants. They are spore-producing plants. They are seed plants. They are monocots.

WARM-UP: 1. Vascular plants differ from _____ plants in that they have true leaves, stems, and roots. cone-bearing c. nonvascular flowering d. seed 2. The structures that carry food, water, and minerals in a vascular plant are called _____. cone and flower c. monocot and dicot spore and seed d. xylem and phloem 3. Nonvascular plants distribute nutrients taken in from the environment _____. through xylem and phloem through stomata in their leaves from cell to cell from root to stem to leaf

Compare and contrast monocots and dicots.

1)Vascular plants 2) Phloem 3) Autotroph 4) Monocotyledon 5) Sexual Reproduction 6) Dicotyledon

7) Metamorphosis 8) Flowing plant 9) Xylem 10) Asexual Reproduction 11) Sperm 12) Cone-bearing plants

13)Non-vascular plants 14)Woody 15)Spore producing 16)Seed producing plants 17)Flowering 18)Spores 19)Non-vascular

20)Monocot 21)Dicot 22)Cone bearing 23)Monocots 24)Flowering plants 25)Monocotyledon

Characteristic Structures of Various Groups of Plants 6-2.3 Compare the characteristic structures of various groups of plants (including vascular or nonvascular, seed or spore-producing, flowering or cone-bearing, and monocot or dicot).

The Plant Kingdom is broken down into smaller divisions based on characteristics, like:

How they absorb and circulate fluids – vascular or nonvascular How they reproduce – spores or seeds Method of seed production – cones or flowers Type of leaf – monocot or dicot.

Plants are commonly classified into two major groups based on their internal structures. 1. Vascular 2. Nonvascular

Vascular Plants The largest group in the Plant Kingdom. Have well-developed system for transporting water and food Have true roots, stems, and leaves. Have tube-like structures that support and help circulate water and food throughout plant.

Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports food from the leaves to rest of the plant. Examples: Trees and many shrubs with woody stems Very tall and grasses, dandelions, and tomato plants with soft herbaceous stems.

Nonvascular Plants Do NOT have a well-developed system for transporting water and food Do NOT have true roots, stems, or leaves. Obtain nutrients directly from the environment and distribute it from cell to cell throughout the plant. Most plants are very small in size.

Examples include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

The following classifications can also be used to group plants. Seed-producing Spore-producing Flowering Plants Cone-bearing Plants Monocot Dicot

Spore-producing Spore-producing- plants that produce spores for reproduction instead of seeds. Spores are much smaller than seeds. Almost all flowerless plants produce spores. Examples include mosses and ferns.

Seed-producing Seed-producing plants reproduce through seeds. Seed plants make their own seeds. Seeds contain the plant embryo (the beginnings of roots, stems, and leaves) and stored food (cotyledons) and are surrounded by a seed coat. From seeds, new plants grow.

There are two major groups of seed-producing plants: 1. Flowering plants 2. Cone-bearing plants

Flowering Plants Flowering plants differ from conifers because they grow their seeds inside an ovary, which is embedded in a flower. The flower then becomes a fruit containing the seeds. Examples include most trees, shrubs, vines, flowers, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Cone-bearing Plants Most cone-bearing plants are evergreen with needle-like leaves. Conifers never have flowers but produce seeds in cones. Examples include pine, spruce, juniper, redwood, and cedar trees.

Monocot A seed with one food storage area is called a monocotyledon, or monocot. Flowers of monocots have either three petals or multiples of three. The leaves of monocots are long and slender with veins that are parallel to each other.

The vascular tube structures are usually scattered randomly throughout the stem. Examples include grass, corn, rice, lilies, and tulips.

Dicot A seed with two food storage areas is called a dicotyledon, or dicot. Flowers of dicots have either four or five petals or multiples of these numbers. The leaves are usually wide with branching veins.

The vascular tube structures are arranged in circular bundles. Examples include roses, dandelions, maple, and oak trees.