Lesson 5 – Genitive Case Case Review It’s been a long summer and I’m sure some of you need a refresher on cases. Here you go. You learned earlier that Latin uses endings to show how each noun functions in a sentence. This is because Latin has no word order. e.g. both “puella amat familiam” and “familiam amat puella” mean “the girl loves the family”. These endings are associated with different cases. Each case has a different use. There are 6 different cases and each has a separate ending for singular (one) or plural (more than one) These are the basics Nominative – subject Genitive – “of” Dative – indirect object Accusative – direct object Ablative – prepositional phrases (in, on, with, from, by) Vocative – direct address

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case Nominative Case Review The nominative case is used for subjects and all words that describe or further identify the subject. e.g. Rita is a rebellious rocker The verb is “is” The subject is “Rita” because that’s who the sentence a about The predicate adjective is “rebellious” and would be in the nominative case as it describes Rita The predicate noun is “rocker” and is also nominative since it further identifies who Rita is

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case Accusative Case Review The accusative case is used for direct objects A direct object is who or what is directly affected by the action of the verb The following underlined words are all direct objects and would therefore be in the accusative case Drooly Diesel dug a ditch (what was dug) Impatient Igor hated idleness (what was hated) Lazy Lorelei lacked laboriousness (what was lacked)

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case 1st and 2nd Declension Review 1st declension 2nd declension Nom. Singular -a (via) -us (carrus) Genitive -ae (viae) -i (carri) Dative -o (carro) Accusative -am (viam) -um (carrum) Ablative -ā (viā) Nom. Plural -arum (viarum) -orum (carrorum) -is (viis) -is (carris) -as (vias) -os (carros)

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case Preview Before we begin please read pages 47-49 “Grammar” of your textbook. This will give you a preview of what you are about to learn. What is the basic translation of all genitive nouns? What is the most common type of genitive? What are the various endings of the genitive case?

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case Genitive Case Introduction You learned last year that Latin does not have the word “of”. To show possession or another use of “of”, Latin uses the genitive case. It is what follows the word “of” in English (or has an ‘s) that would be genitive in Latin. So, if you want to say “of the queens” you would add the genitive plural ending –arum i.e. reginarum N.B. we used –arum and not –orum because the word regina belongs to the 1st declension. You can tell because the genitive singular (the 2nd Latin form on page 47) ends in an –ae

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case Genitive Case Types The following are different “types” of genitives. The type does not matter for translating. All simply are preceded by the word “of” Possession (most common) – shows ownership e.g. the bone of Bozo Material – shows what something is made of e.g. the chair of silly putty Quality/Characteristic – shows a trait of someone or something e.g. a woman of brilliance Quantity – shows how much of something e.g. a crowd of meerkats Partitive – shows a part of a whole e.g. a sliver of cake