Chapter 14: A New Industrial Age

Natural Resources: OIL: oil industries began in Cleveland and Pittsburgh, led to gas COAL: Production increased 8 times as much in 30 years. IRON: Began to make steel with iron- used for railroads, farm tools, bridges, buildings Produced Steel

New Inventions -Thomas Edison – created 1st research lab- invented light bulbs, power plants for electricity 1867- Christopher Sholes invented type writer 1876- Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone 1890- electricity ran machines, streetcars POSITIVE EFFECTS: employees worked faster, citizens enjoyed new products

Section 2: An Age of Railroads 1869- 1st Transcontinental Railroad completed 1890- 200,000 miles of rail lines connect in U.S. CONS: Railroads difficult and dangerous to work on, difficult to schedule: time zones created: Eastern, Mountain, Central, Pacific PROS: Linked different regions in U.S. new towns, traveling faster, industries and trade increased

Upset Farmers Farmers Upset Wanted land to go to farming High prices to trade using trains Munn v. Illinois (1877)- government regulate private industries to protect public interest Interstate Commerce Act- government power over railroads

Section 3: Big Business and Labor Andrew Carnegie- tried to control whole steel industry (2 ways) Vertical Integration: company buys out suppliers Horizontal Integration: companies merge if produce similar products Social Darwinism: theory that only strong survive

Labor Unions and Movements Entrepreneurs: monopolize competition - Sherman Antitrust Act- illegal to form trusts Workers formed unions NLU (National Labor Union)- legalize 8 hour day CNLU (Colored National Labor Union) AFL( American Federation of Labor) IWW ( Industrial Workers of the World)

Workers Tools Strikes: improve conditions, many violent Haymarket Affair (1886)- bomb exploded in workers strike, killed many Pullman Company- U.S. troops called in to stop violence Unions continued to grow despite pressure of government action

Robber Barons Robber Barons- those who would monopolize their market; typically unfairly. Gospel of Wealth- Donate to causes that would help people.

20 points Robber Barons Monopoly Worth Andrew Carnegie Marshall Field   Marshall Field Leland Stanford James Duke J.P. Morgan Cornelius Vanderbilt John D. Rockefeller

Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie Born in Scotland Came to the US Owned the US Steel Company Believed in Gospel of Wealth Created Carnegie Hall, donated to colleges, and libraries 1901 for $480 million (the equivalent of approximately $13.5 billion in 2012)

Marshall Field Worked in a dry goods store. Moved to Chicago in 1856. 1881 opened Marshall Field’s When he died he would have been worth $66 billion dollars today.

Leland Stanford Senator from California Decided to get involved in the transcontinental railroad Made so much money that he donated to a university. Stanford University now has his name.

James B. Duke Lived in North Carolina Had a monopoly on cigarettes in which they were rolled. Worth $85.1 billion in today’s standards Donated millions to Trinity University Became known as Duke University in his honor.

J.P. Morgan Bought US Steel from Andrew Carnegie Also was very big into banking Father would cheat him every time he could; so his son would learn. Would loan millions to the government and make millions on interest

Cornelius Vanderbilt Was nicknamed the Commodore Made initial money on boats and shipping. Later moved to Railroads Ranked as the second richest man of all time. Built Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TE Worth $310 billion when he died.

John D. Rockefeller Co-founder of the Standard Oil Company Spent 40 years in retirement Known as the Richest man that has ever lived. When he died he was worth $340 Billion in today’s terms. Donated millions to schools and city of New York and Chicago

Biltmore Located in Asheville, North Carolina Took six years to be built Had its own railroad to bring bricks up to the estate Has over 250 rooms Had over 10,000 books in its own library 65 fire places First indoor pool, bowling alley, and fitness room Featured its own locker rooms for the pool and fitness room. Was in the movies like Richie Rich Used as a summer home

The Biltmore

Biltmore

Biltmore

Dining Hall

Mr. Vanderbilt’s Room

Mrs. Vanderbilt’s Room

Fitness Room

Kitchen

Library

Library

Servant’s Rooms

Indoor Pool