Nineteenth-Century Progress

Objectives Describe inventions of the late 19th century and their impact on daily life Trace advances in medicine and science Describe the emergence of the social sciences Explain the rise of mass culture

Seed Press Agricultural Revolution Steam/coal power Electricity Enclosure Movement Crop Rotation Selective Breading Seed Press Agricultural Revolution Cotton Press Spinning Jenny Steam/coal power Industrial Revolution Factories Gasoline Internal Combustion Electric Generator Electricity

Inventions Make Life Easier Edison the Inventor Bell & Marconi Revolutionize Communication Thomas Edison Over 1000 inventions Incandescent light bulb Phonograph Menlo Park, New Jersey Research laboratory Allowed other inventors to develop their ideas Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Guglielmo Marconi Radio waves Wireless communication Morse Code Primitive radios used on ships at seas

Inventions Make Life Easier Ford Sparks the Automobile Industry Standardization Interchangeable parts Assembly Line 1880s – German – Gasoline powered cars Hand built & expensive Standardization – interchangeable parts

Inventions Make Life Easier The Wright Brother Fly Bicycle mechanics from Dayton Wilber & Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 59 sec flight changed the world

New Ideas in Medicine Louis Pasteur Pasteurization Joseph Lister The Germ Theory of Disease Louis Pasteur Examining fermentation of alcohol Microscopic organisms Pasteurization Heating liquid to kill bacteria Joseph Lister Surgeon Links bacteria to infections from surgery Surgery wards kept clean Antiseptics 85% of patients survive their surgeries

New Ideas in Science Charles Darwin H.M.S. Beagle Theory of Evolution Mendel and Genetics Gregor Mendel Traits are passed down through our genes Inherited Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin H.M.S. Beagle On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection Population grows faster than food supply Best adapted to their environment survives Theory of Evolution

New Ideas in Science Marie and Pierre Curie John Dalton Advances in Chemistry and Physics John Dalton All matter is made up of tiny particles call atoms Elements contain one type of atom Dmitri Mendeleev Organized the known elements Predicted more elements would be discovered – left room Periodic Table Marie and Pierre Curie Discovered two missing elements Radium Polonium Radioactivity Energy released from atoms decaying Won the Noble Prize in 1911 Died from long-term exposure to radiation

Social Sciences Explore Behavior Phycology Study of the human mind Ivan Pavlov Unconscious reactions to experiences Sigmund Freud Unconscious mind drives how people think and act Challenged Enlightenment ideas that reason was supreme Maybe humans couldn’t perfect themselves and society through reason

The Rise of Mass Culture Cause Public education Improvements in communications Invention of phonograph and records Shorter workday – 10 hours shorter work week – 5 ½ days Effect/Cause Increase in literacy Publications cheaper and more accessible More music, directly in people homes More leisure time Effect Mass market for books and newspapers Greater demand for musical entertainment Greater demand for mass entertainment activities Changes Produce Mass Culture Mass Culture The appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience

The Rise of Mass Culture Music Halls, Vaudeville, and Movies Local music halls Multiple acts Singers Dancers Comedians Vaudeville Acts that travel from town to town appearing in theatres Jugglers Magicians Acrobats

The Rise of Mass Culture Sports Entertain Millions Baseball Football Pro Soccer in Europe 1896 – Olympic Games

How was harnessing electricity a key to other 19th-century inventions? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

How were pasteurization and the use of antiseptics similar? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

Besides competing for food, what are some of the other conditions to which species must adapt? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

What was the long-term effect of movies on vaudeville? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________