Ainslee, Jaelyn, and Nathan Human Trafficking Ainslee, Jaelyn, and Nathan

Human Trafficking Defined Human trafficking is the action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country or area to another, typically for the purpose of forced labour or commercial sexual exploitation. The TVPA defines “severe forms of tracking in persons” as sex tracking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person or labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion or the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt, bondage, or slavery

Who is at risk? Women, children, and men are trafficked throughout the world for sexual exploitation or forced labor. Women are particularly vulnerable to trafficking because in many societies the lives of women and girls are valued less than those of men and boys. In addition, as the number of orphans increases (a result of civil war and HIV/AIDS), so does the number of child-headed households, which are particularly vulnerable to traffickers. Risk factors that make people vulnerable to human trafficking include but are not limited to the following: undocumented migrants, ethnic minority groups, women and children, oppressed, marginalized and/or impoverished groups, broken families, families with substance abuse, and individuals fleeing armed conflict and natural disaster

Traffickers Tactics Common methods used to traffick humans include forms of deception like: Seduction and romance, False job advertisements, Lies about educational or travel opportunities, Abduction, Sale by family, and Recruitment through former slaves.

Types of Human Trafficking An estimated 24.9 million victims are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of these, 16 million (64%) were exploited for labor, 4.8 million (19%) were sexually exploited, and 4.1 million (17%) were exploited in state-imposed forced labor.

Life During Trafficking A medical study of woman and girls entering care after having been trafficked found that: -95% reported physical and/or sexual violence. -56% suffered post-traumatic stress disorder. -57% had 12-23 concurrent physical health problems. -60% suffered pelvic pain, vaginal discharge and gynaecological infection. -38% had suicidal thoughts, 95% depression most showing little reduction after 90 days in care.

Where does it happen? Human trafficking is found all over the world but is most common in China, Russia and Uzbekistan according to the state department. They joined Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Sudan, and Zimbabwe on the bottom "tier" of the U.S. human trafficking rank. Human trafficking occurs in every country of the world, as country of origin, transit, or destination. Victims from at least 127 countries have been found to be exploited in 137 states There are more human slaves in the world today than ever before in history.

Trafficking Victims Protection Act's Tier system All countries are put into tiers based on their compliance with the TVPA standards Tier 1 - Countries whose governments fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act's (TVPA) minimum standards Canada, France, Israel, Norway, Spain Tier 2 - Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPA's minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards Afghanistan, Aruba, Barbados, Ecuador, Fiji Tier 2 Watch list - Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPA's minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards AND a)absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant b)failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts c)commitments by the country to take additional future steps over the next year Cuba, Egypt, Haiti, Laos, Turkmenistan Tier 3 - Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so. Kuwait, Syria, Venezuela, Algeria, Russia

Why does it happen? Trafficking happens because: It’s highly profitable (the profit margins are higher than almost any other industry in the world). It’s hard to detect, trafficking is a ‘hidden crime’. We have limited data on how it operates, and therefore, we have limited means to tackle it The punishment is often “worth the crime” in the eyes of traffickers because laws and penalties are too lenient.

Profits Human trafficking earns profits of roughly $150 billion a year for traffickers, according to the ILO report from 2014. The following is a breakdown of profits, by sector: $99 billion from commercial sexual exploitation $34 billion in construction, manufacturing, mining and utilities $9 billion in agriculture, including forestry and fishing $8 billion dollars is saved annually by private households that employ domestic workers under conditions of forced labor While only 19% of victims are trafficked for sex, sexual exploitation earns 66% of the global profits of human trafficking

Organizations for Change Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (otherwise known as Durbar), a collective of 65,000 sex workers in West Bengal, working on women's rights and sex workers' rights advocacy, anti-human trafficking and HIV/AIDS prevention ECPAT, an international non-governmental organisation and network headquartered in Thailand which is designed to end the commercial sexual exploitation of children The Emancipation Network, an international organization dedicated to fighting human trafficking and modern-day slavery EVE, an advocacy group based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Exodus Road, a non-profit coalition of organizations specialized in the intervention component of human trafficking, training and funding partnerships with local authorities to actively rescue people trapped in human trafficking in India, southeast Asia, and the United States.

Using Technology in the Fight In the fight against modern slavery, technology can be a double-edged sword. Traffickers use technology to advertise their services widely and develop new methods to recruit, manipulate, and lure potential victims. Meanwhile, governments, anti-tracking advocates, and technology companies are collaborating to leverage technological tools to turn the tables on the trackers. Innovations in prevention include mobile and SMS technologies that allow users to send alerts about human tracking or allow payments to workers to be traced so that they are less vulnerable to the threat of bonded labor. Social media platforms can be used to engage the public at large and raise awareness of this crime worldwide. Prosecuting human traffickers requires evidence; technology makes the crime more traceable.The cell phones and computers of trackers and victims alike contain archives of text messages, voicemails, geo-tagged data, and web browsing history, all o which can be “evidentiary gold mines”or law enforcement.

Video This is Rebecca Bender and she Is a victim of human trafficking. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHcoEY6gJJ0

Bibliography thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/15/5-things-to-know-about-human-trafficking www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/a-fascinating-map-of-the-worst-countries-for-modern-slavery/277037/ www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-human-trafficking www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/243366.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_that_combat_human_trafficking www.factretriever.com/human-trafficking-facts girlservesworld.wordpress.com/2013/03/01/what-is-human-trafficking-2/ www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/methods-of-human-trafficking/