Hazards revision- short answer questions

June 2007 Hurricanes (tropical storms) cause death and destruction in urban areas along the South coast of the USA. Suggest two reasons to explain why people continue to live in these places. (6) L1: Gives one valid reason (1-3) L2: Gives second reason and explains one with detail (4-5) L3: Explains two reasons with detail (6) Content Guide: Help/support from government/authorities to rebuild lives egg new housing Have always lived there, friends/family, part of a community Have businesses or employment there Cannot afford to relocate and live elsewhere Perception that severe hurricanes will not happen (again) Confidence in government/authorities to protect lives and property in future

June 2008 OCR C

June 2009 – OCR C spec Study Fig. 5 opposite. Mt St Helens is a volcano in NW USA that experienced a violent eruption on 18 May 1980. (a) (i) Identify the grid square containing the crater of the Mt St Helens volcano. (ii) What is the main economic activity taking place in C2? [2] (b) State two changes caused by the volcanic eruption to the physical landscape shown on Fig. 5. [2] (c) Identify and explain two ways that the 1980 volcanic eruption of Mt St Helens might have influenced land use. [6] (d) Mt St Helens is still an active volcano. Suggest two reasons why people in MEDCs choose to live close to natural hazards such as this despite the potential dangers. [6]

June 2009 OCR C Study Fig. 1 opposite. (b) Natural hazards have both primary and secondary effects. Using Fig. 1: (i) Identify one example of a primary effect; (ii) Identify one example of a secondary effect not involving transport. [2]

June 2009 OCR C

OCR C Sample material This question is about LEDCs. (a) Read the following paragraph. ‘Bangladesh has a high population density. The country is mostly a flat low-lying delta, formed by deposition from the rivers Ganges and Brahmaputra, where severe disasters happen frequently. In May 1995 an estimated 9 metre high tide flooded 150 km inland across the delta, killing 40 000 people. Winds of 180 km/hr were recorded.’ Identify three physical factors which combined to cause the disaster. [2] (b) Explain how human factors made the disaster worse. [2]

Sample OCR C (a) Study Fig. 8. Fig. 8 Internet article DORMANT VOLCANO COMES TO LIFE ON MONTSERRAT On July 18th 1995, Soufriere Hills, a volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat began erupting. This was the first recorded eruption of this volcano. The Caribbean islands are the only example of ‘island arc’ volcanoes in the Atlantic Ocean. In August 1997 lava flows reached the capital, Plymouth, and over 80% of the buildings were either badly damaged or destroyed. The governor ordered the evacuation of several towns. By the end of the month only 4 000 of the original 12 000 residents remained on the island. The volcano was still hissing and rumbling in October 1997. Why do you think some of the inhabitants of Montserrat were surprised by the volcaniceruption in 1995? [2] Sample OCR C

OCR C sample material

SAMPLE OCR C

Avery Hill 2004 (a) Study the map opposite. ‘Tropical storms develop in regions where the sea temperature reaches at least 27 °C. Tropical storms are also called typhoons, hurricanes or cyclones in different regions of the world.’ (i) Describe the location of regions where tropical storms form. [2] (ii) Suggest why tropical storms develop in the regions shown on the map. [3]

Averyhill 2004 (b) Study Photograph 5 in the separate Resource Booklet. Typhoon Olga is marked at A. This severe weather event took place during late July and August 1999. (i) Describe the location of Typhoon Olga (A on the Photograph) [2] (ii) Another tropical storm can be identified at location B on the photograph. Suggest why the weather activity at location B did not feature in world news whereas Typhoon Olga did. [2]

Averyhill 2004

Averyhill 2004

June 2010 Avery Hill (b) Study Map 1 in the separate Resource Booklet. (i) What is meant by the term ‘drought’? [1] (ii) Describe the distribution of drought in Ethiopia. [3]

June 2010 AH

June 2009 AH Suggest and explain how individuals might reduce the effects of drought. (4) Can accept water conservation strategies Credit two statements and their elaboration. Allow a maximum of two if no elaboration. Repetition of elaborations not allowed. Examples: Cleaning teeth with water in a glass (1) avoids wasting running water (1). Placing a brick / water hippo in the cistern (1) reducing the amount of water consumed each flush (1). Taking showers rather than baths (1) as each shower uses less water (1). Bathing with a friend (1) reduces the number of baths (1). Washing car / water garden less frequently (1) reduces water loss (1). Not using hosepipes (1) will limit the use of water (1). Not filling swimming pools (1) to avoid mass waste of water (1). (1+1) x 2 = [4]

June2007 AHill

June 2006 Avery hill – there is more on this paper (ii) Mending leaking pipes is one way water companies can reduce the effects of drought. Suggest and explain other ways in which the water companies and consumers might reduce the effects of drought. [6]

June 2005 Avery hill Use this for more water supply questions

Avery Hill 2004 (a) Study the map opposite. ‘Tropical storms develop in regions where the sea temperature reaches at least 27 °C. Tropical storms are also called typhoons, hurricanes or cyclones in different regions of the world.’ (i) Describe the location of regions where tropical storms form. [2] (ii) Suggest why tropical storms develop in the regions shown on the map. [3]

Averyhill 2004 (b) Study Photograph 5 in the separate Resource Booklet. Typhoon Olga is marked at A. This severe weather event took place during late July and August 1999. (i) Describe the location of Typhoon Olga (A on the Photograph) [2] (ii) Another tropical storm can be identified at location B on the photograph. Suggest why the weather activity at location B did not feature in world news whereas Typhoon Olga did. [2]

Averyhill 2004

Averyhill 2004