Poetry Rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. In today’s world it would be some musical lyrics

Speaker in Poetry NOT the poet!!!!!!!! Speaker is just like any narrator in any story you read…. It’s a short story in a way The narrator is telling you about something A scene A lover A battle

Concrete Poem A poem with a visual component The words take shape to tell an additional meaning to the poem

Free Verse vs. Blank Verse Rhythmical lines varying in length, adhering to no fixed metrical pattern, and usually unrhymed. Looks random but IS NOT Blank Verse Unrhymed lines Iambic pentameter

Sonnet A closed, fixed form, fourteen-line poem, predominantly in iambic pentameter A combination of quatrains and a couplet or an octave and a sestet Think Shakespeare (he wrote 154 and most of them are well known) Italian Sonnets An octave and a sestet Different Rhyme Scheme Less common

Haiku 3 unrhymed lines, themed around nature Darkness of shadows 5,7,5 syllables in the lines Darkness of shadows Not a sound reverberates An eerie silence

Ode a lyric poem typically of elaborate and expressive of enthusiastic emotion. O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odors plain and hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear! “Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Alliteration the repetition of initial sounds Bring me my bow of burning gold

Allusion A reference to a well- known person, myth, historical event, story, etc. “This place is like a Garden of Eden.” “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.”

Assonance Repetition of vowel sounds “He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.”

Consonance Repetition of consonant sounds within a word Shelley sells shells by the seashore. T’was later when the summer went Than when the cricket came, And yet we knew that gentle clock Meant nought but going home. ‘T was sooner when the cricket went Than when the winter came, Yet that pathetic pendulum Keeps esoteric time.

Couplet A pair of rhymed lines, that occur together, to complete a thought. “But if thou live, remember’d not to be, Die single, and thine image dies with thee.” “One tender Sigh of hers to see me languish, Will more than pay the price of my past anguish.”

Hyperbole Figure of speech that uses exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect. Old Mr. Johnson has been teaching here since the Stone Age. Forget knocking it out of the park, Frank can knock a baseball off the continent. Allie has a million pairs of shoes in her closet.

Idiom Phrase or expression that has a meaning that differs from its literal meaning (sometimes called a figure of speech). Give an arm and a leg Penny for your thoughts Grass is always greener Don’t cry over spilt milk

Imagery sensory content of poems; appeals to the five senses.

Irony without using figures of speech, speakers may use this device, saying things that are not to be taken literally, forming a contrast. verbal irony - contrast between what is said and what is meant. He died a thousand deaths. dramatic irony - contrast between what is intended and what is accomplished.

Metaphor items from different classes are implicitly compared, WITHOUT a connective She is the rose, the glory of the day.

Onomatopoeia Words that imitate sounds Hiss Buzz Snap

Personification Human characteristics are given to an animal or object The teddy bear hugged the child… The tree caressed the water…

Repetition (Patterned) Repeating the same sounds, words, phrases, or lines for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. Because I do not hope to turn again Because I do not hope Because I do not hope to turn…

Rhetorical Question Question that is asked for the purpose of reflection, or to make a point- an answer is not expected “Who knows?” “Are you stupid?” “Ok?” “Why not?”

Rhyme repetition of identical or similar sounds Rhyme Scheme Upon the morning’s walk I did unto you talk About the rain a fortnight ago And how it ever rained so Rhyme Scheme Varying patterns of rhyme Last words of lines Vowel sounds

Rhythm stresses at regular intervals. Iambic Pentameter “iam”- one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. pentameter- 5 “feet”

Simile items from different classes are compared by a connective Like, as, than New York is like Chicago She is like the rose

Stanza A grouping of two or more lines of poetry. Stanzas in poetry are comparable to paragraphs.

Symbolism A symbol is a person, place, object or action that stands for something beyond itself.

Tone The feeling and emotion that an author puts into a poem/story through their choice in words The dark forest reeked of death and terror. The happy chipmunk frolicked through the meadow.