Would you rather be an Athenian or a Spartan? Why? Warm-up Would you rather be an Athenian or a Spartan? Why?

Section 5-2 Greek City-States Goals Identify the different types of political systems that developed in the Greek city-states. Describe the development of democracy in Athens. Compare and Contrast the different governments of Athens and Sparta Summarize the events of the Persian War.

The “Old” Army Soldiers were responsible for providing their own weapons etc. Only the rich could afford the bronze weapons and armor So…only the rich served in the military Eventually, Bronze was replaced by the cheaper and stronger iron Armies were now comprised of farmers, merchants, artisans and the wealthy

The “New” Army Foot soldiers were soldiers who walked, as opposed to the Cavalry “Hoplites” –soldiers of ancient Greek armies who had armor, shields, swords and spears Phalanx formation- soldiers standing side by side, each with a shield in one hand and a sword in the other- one row after another

The Persian War Greeks settled in Anatolia in an area called Ionia C. 546 BC Persia conquered the area where the Greeks lived After a few years, Ionian Greeks revolted and Athens sent them supplies, soldiers and ships Persian King Darius – defeated the Ionian Greeks and vowed to destroy Athens in retaliation

The Battle of Marathon C. 490 BC - 25,000 Persian soldiers sailed across the sea and landed just north of Athens in a area called Marathon 10,000 Athenians were waiting for them in phalanx formation Greek soldiers charged even though they were outnumbered Persians wore only light leather armor and were not trained in this type of fighting – fled after several hours Persians lost 6,000…..Athenians only 200

Pheidippides and the Marathon Young runner chosen to go back to Athens and tell them the news of the Persian defeat at Marathon hoping to urge them to fight and defend Athens He ran the 26 miles without stopping, reached the city, said “Rejoice, we conquer!” then fell over dead. The Greek army followed him shortly and when the Persians landed at Athens, they saw the city heavily defended and retreated.

Xerxes takes over 10 yrs after Marathon, Xerxes – Darius’ son and now king of Persia launched an invasion against Athens Some Greeks city-states agreed to fight with Athens Some thought it best to let Xerxes destroy Athens and then go back to Persia Some fought with the Persians against Athens Xerxes’ army marched along the north coast and down the eastern coast of Greece without resistance

Thermopylae and Salamis When Xerxes and his army came to Thermopylae, He found 7000 Greeks including the 300 Spartans waiting for him He underestimated them and thought they would be an easy win They held the Persians there for 3 days A traitor leaked a message to the Persians about a secret way around the mountains and the battle turned for the worst The Spartans stayed behind to allow for the other Greek soldiers to retreat safely- all 300 were killed

Thermopylae and Salamis cont. While battle of Thermopylae was going on, Athens was trying to figure out how to defend itself They evacuated to the sea – to fight a naval battle Greeks were in a narrow channel by the island of Salamis Xerxes set fire to Athens and then sent his warships to block in the Athenians The Persian Ships were too large to maneuver -they were no match for the quick, small Greek triremes and their battering rams The Persians lost 1/3 of their fleet

The Delian League c. 479 BC, One Year after Salamis, Xerxes was defeated in battle at Plataea In 478 BC, several of the Greek city-states formed an alliance called the Delian League named after the island of Delos where it was formed. Together the Delian League continued to fight off the Persians and eventually succeeded

Consequences of the Persian War Athens emerged as the leader of the Delian League, which eventually grew to 200 city-states Athens soon began to wield its power in controlling other city-states, it moved the headquarters from Delos to Athens and used the military force against those who challenged Athens’ authority In time, the League became more like provinces of Athens and Athens enjoyed its glory days…for a while