Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission

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Presentation transcript:

Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission Old Testament Biblical Backgrounds The Persian Empire Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission

Medes Persians Babylon  Babylon

Belshazzar

Cyaxeres Teispes Amyhia Astyages Cyrus I Mandane Cambyses Arsames Medes Persians Cyaxeres Teispes Amyhia Astyages Cyrus I Ariramnes Mandane Cambyses Arsames Cyrus II (the Great) Hystaspes

Daniel 5:31 says that Darius the Mede received the kingdom at about the age of sixty-two Darius the Mede was an early governor of Babylon under Cyrus Darius the Mede was another name for Cyrus

2 Chronicles 36:22 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia - in order to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah - the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he sent a proclamation throughout his kingdom... Cyrus the Great

Discovered in 1879 by Rassam Cyrus Prism Discovered in 1879 by Rassam

What happened to the Ark? Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar Carried to Egypt Hidden for protection

Temple construction halted Murder of Smerdis Invasion of Egypt Cambyses Temple construction halted Murder of Smerdis Invasion of Egypt Established himself as the beginning of the27th Dynasty Attempted invasion of Carthage

Tomb of Cambyses

Cyaxeres Teispes Amyhia Astyages Cyrus I Mandane Cambyses Arsames Medes Persians Cyaxeres Teispes Amyhia Astyages Cyrus I Ariramnes Mandane Cambyses Arsames Cyrus II (the Great) Hystaspes Darius Hystaspes Cambyses Smerdis

Darius the Great Capture of Babylon Reorganization of government Completion of temple Palaces at Susa & Persepolis

Persepolis

Photo by Todd Ulbrich Louvre

The Empire of Darius

These are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing their appointed courses with all speed (Herodotus 8:96).

Behistun Inscription Persia 1842

Sir Henry Rawlinson - 1835 George Cameron made further copies in 1946

Old Persian Elamite Akkadian Behistun Inscription Photo by Kendall Down, 1967

Scythians

Ionian Revolt

(486-464 B.C.) Xerxes Rebellion in the Empire Invasion of Greece Egypt Babylon Invasion of Greece

(486-464 B.C.) Xerxes Rebellion in the Empire Invasion of Greece Esther Assassinated

Tomb of Xerxes

Darius Xerxes Artaxerxes I

Artaxerxes I Reigned 465 – 424 B.C. New policy toward Greeks: Financially support enemies of Athens. Gave sanctuary to Themistocles, Athenian hero of Salamis, after he was ostracized by Athens. Ezra’s commission. Nehemiah’s commission

Killed by Darius II Darius Xerxes Artaxerxes I Secydianus Darius II Xerxes II Killed by Darius II Murdered by Secydianus after a 45 day reign

Elephantine

Elephantine Papyri Written in Aramaic Papyrus -- written on both sides Official letter of petition -- request to rebuild place of worship Written 407 B.C. Discovered January 1, 1907

Peloponnesian War Athens vs. Sparta Sea vs. land war Spartan victory 431 - 404 B.C. Athens vs. Sparta Sea vs. land war Spartan victory

Darius Xerxes Artaxerxes I Secydianus Darius II Xerxes II Cyrus III Artaerxes II (Xenophon)

 Cunaxa

Darius II Cyrus III Artaerxes II Artaxerxes III (Ochos) (Bagoas) Arses (Xenophon) Artaxerxes III (Ochos) (Bagoas) Arses Darius III

Alexander the Great

Discuss the three types of freedom: Group Project Discuss the three types of freedom: National Freedom Individual Freedom Political Freedom Which types were found in Persia? Which types were found in Greece? Which types were found in Israel?