III. Continental drift.

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Continents change position over time

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Presentation transcript:

III. Continental drift

Let’s Review! a. transfer of heat through liquids and gases = convection b. transfer of heat by physical contact = conduction c. transfer of heat through waves = radiation

A. Drifting Continents 1. Alfred Wegener- German Scientist, Wegener’s hypothesized that all continents were once joined together is a single landmass & drifted apart

Theory is called: Continental Drift 1st formed Pangaea “super continent”

B. Continental Drift Evidence 1. Similar landforms a. Mountain ranges of S. America & Africa line-up b. coal fields of N. America & Europe

2. Fossils- similar fossils found where landforms match

3. Continent’s climate have change when the land drifted.

http://science. discovery http://science.discovery.com/videos/100-greatest-discoveries-shorts-continental-drift.html

Wegener’s hypothesis rejected- couldn’t explain why the continents move. = Convection currents

Is there other evidences? YES! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CsTTmvX6mc

C. Sea-floor Spreading Mid-ocean ridges (MOR)- sea floor spreads & new ocean floor creates underwater mountain chains

What Changed? Late 1950’s began mapping the ocean bottoms Sonar, gravity and magnetics Magnetic data showed odd phenomenon Appeared to be striped Polarity reversal were identical on each side of oceanic ridge 1960, Harry Hess proposes sea-floor spreading Confirmed by mini-Submarine Alvin in 1960’s What Changed?

Magnetic Reversals

http://science. discovery http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100-greatest-discoveries-the-core-of-the-earth.htm

Final Proof 1968 United State Geologic Survey (USGS) Deep sea drilling w/ Glomar Challenger Drilling showed the age correlation in ocean floor rocks. Where do you think the oldest rocks are located on the sea floor? Youngest?

What's happening at the other end of the sea floor spreading centers???? 3. Subduction- process of the ocean floor sinking back into mantle a. Deep-ocean trenches- deep water canyons in ocean Marianas Trench - 3 min

Sea-floor Spreading Melting Asthenosphere MOR-New ocean crust Subduction Asthenosphere Melting

Sea-floor spreading activity Red Textbook: Pg. 148 Answer Analyze & Conclude Questions: 1-6