Chapter 5 Lesson 3 The Mauryas and the Guptas By: Julianna Almas Class of 2018

Social- development and transformation of social structures Gender roles and relations: Women in the Mauryan Dynasty were allowed to have jobs and married women were able to own land Family and kinship: Communities identified themselves by their cultural similarities Social and economic classes: In the Maurya and Gupta Empires they had the caste system (Priests, Rulers and warriors, Merchants and Landowners, Peasants and Servants, and Cleaners and Street sweepers)

Political- state building, expansion, and conflict Political structures and forms of governance: The Mauryas had a well organized empire Empires were divided into provinces with a well founded government In Northern India the Guptas became one of the most powerful political forces Empires: Each of the empires grew and shrunk as battles were won and lost Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations: Because of maps and new trade routes they were able to trade with other nations more than ever before

Interaction between humans and the environment Demography and disease: Due to the trade routes people were exposed to new diseases Migration: As trade routes expanded people were more mobile than ever before Patterns of settlement: Along the trade routes; specifically the Silk Road Technology: Metalworking began to grow as well as new ideas in architecture

Cultural- development and interaction of cultures Religions: Buddhism and Hinduism Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies: Hindus believed in the idea of Karma, Dharma, and reincarnation based on the Caste System Buddhism believed in reincarnation represented by the Wheel of Life Science and technology: Helped establish astronomy Founded that the Earth rotated on its axis Developed tactics in metalworking (wootz) Literature: Hymns, stories, and songs praising gods (Vedas) Both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata are great epic pomes The arts and architecture: Rock-cut caves, Buddhist stupas, and stone carved pillars

Economic- creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems Agricultural and pastoral production: The Gupta Empire relied on agriculture as a primary substance and source of goods export Trade and commerce: The Kushān Empire was located on the Silk Road The Gupta Empire traded with China Labor systems: In Maurya land was a major income source for the Government Industrialization: The Maurya Empire organized taxation began to advance The Gupta’s had a major textile industry (linen, wool, cotton, silk, calico) Capitalism: In the Kushān and the Gupta Empires free trade ruled; sailors and merchants traded with China and the Roman Empire