Quantitation of vascular outflow by measurement of impedance

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Presentation transcript:

Quantitation of vascular outflow by measurement of impedance Lewis B. Schwartz, MD, Cemil M. Purut, MD, Martin K. O'Donohoe, MB, FRCSI, Peter K. Smith, MD, Per-Otto Hagen, PhD, Richard L. McCann, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 353-363 (September 1991) DOI: 10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Surgical procedures designed to create four distinct outflow beds for similar segments of external jugular vein in New Zealand white rabbits. A, Carotid interposition vein graft (VG); B, Linguofacial-common carotid arteriovenous fistula (AVF); C, AVF with clip applied distally (AVFobs); D, vein graft and arteriovenous fistula in series (VG/AVF). Arrows denote direction of flow. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Representative pressure waveforms for VG, AVF, AVFobs, and VG/AVF groups. Two consecutive beats are shown. Scales are not identical. Digital data were filtered after acquisition at 25 Hz (for display purposes). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Representative flow waveforms for VG, AVF, AVFobs, and VG/AVF groups. Two consecutive beats are shown. Scales are not identical. Digital data were filtered after acquisition at 25 Hz (for display purposes). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Impedance moduli and phase angles for 14 vein grafts (VG). Data points represent mean ± SEM. Zn = modulus of impedance, θn = phase angle of impedance. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Comparison of impedance between VG (○) and AVF (□) groups. Data points represent mean ± SEM. Zn = modulus of impedance, θn = phase angle of impedance. *p < 0.05 compared to VG. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Comparison of impedance between AVF (□) and AVFobs (Δ) groups. Data points represent mean ± SEM. Zn = modulus of impedance, θn = phase angle of impedance. *p < 0.05 compared to AVF. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Comparison of impedance between VG (○) and VG/AVF (▿) groups. Data points represent mean ± SEM. Zn = modulus of impedance, θn = phase angle of impedance. *p < 0.05 compared to VG. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Procedure for clamping the distal linguofacial vein to increase flow in the AVF group. CCA = common carotid artery, EJ = external jugular vein. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Modulus of pressure (Pn) for 7 AVF's during control periods (○) and after clamping of the distal linguofacial vein (□). Data points represent mean ± SEM. *p = 0.083 compared to control. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 Modulus of flow (Qn) for 7 AVF's during control periods (○) and after clamping of the distal linguofacial vein (□). Data points represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 compared to control. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 Modulus of impedance (Zn) for 7 AVF's during control periods (○) and after clamping of the distal linguofacial vein (□). Data points represent mean ± SEM. There were no differences between control and clamp periods at any harmonic of frequency. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1991 14, 353-363DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(91)90088-C) Copyright © 1991 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions