Ext. Give examples of a Colour Bar from 1960s Britain How were immigrants treated in Britain? C aim – to explain the positive and negative ways that immigrants were treated in Britain B aim – to explain whether the overall experience of immigrants was positive or negative including detailed knowledge A/A* aim - to explain whether the overall experience of immigrants was positive or negative including advanced evaluation skills What is a Colour Bar? Ext. Give examples of a Colour Bar from 1960s Britain

What were the experiences of immigrants in these aspects of their lives? Fill in this table. Housing Didn’t intend to stay for long so rented and stayed in guesthouses, ‘No coloureds’ signs in guesthouses, couldn’t get council houses or mortgages, poor quality housing, charged higher rents, often exploited (forced into crowded accommodation), immigrants moved to established communities already in London – e.g. Notting Hill Jobs Usually over qualified for their jobs, worked in NHS and in transport, nurses discouraged from getting more qualifications, trade unions organised strikes against ‘coloured workers’, accused people of coming to cash in on benefits, despite most of the immigrants working. Many Asians started their own businesses. Asians worked in textiles in the midlands. Asian corner shops and off licenses opened. Faced discrimination in job applications Leisure Young men bored on their own, some pubs banned black drinkers or gave them a frosty reception, had to go to unlicensed drinking clubs, these clubs gained reputations for loud music, prostitution and fihting even though this often wasn’t the case 1958 Summer of Violence Caused by economic downturn and shortages of jobs, people blamed immigrants, and rising Teddy boys, Teddy boys attacked black people in Nottingham, in August fighting broke out for over an hour, MPs called for an end to immigration, fascist groups handed out leaflets in Notting Hill, late in August Teddy boys attacked black people and their property, police didn’t protect them, they fought back. In May 1959 Kelso Cochrane was stabbed to death in Notting Hill – police never arrested their killers, 1200 people showed up to the funeral. The violence made immigration a political problem. Claudia Jones founded the Notting Hill carnival to make things more positive. Feeling British Asians settled in Yorkshire and Lancashire. Black people tended to feel more British as they had been exposed to more British culture in the former British colonies and they spoke English. Asians didn’t as there was less British culture in their countries and less English. Asians tended to keep to themselves more in the 1960s. Culture Lots of Asian restaurants opened – especially Indian. Notting Hill carnival began. Reggae became popular. Islam and Hinduism became larger religions. Caribbean people revitalised Christianity in city centres. Experienced racism. WWII During WWII Caribbean people were welcomed

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Are you surprised by this source? What attitude is there in this source? C and B – connect own knowledge A/A* - evaluate the source – why has the Daily Mirror published this and are you surprised by it? P1 – Ways you are surprised P2 – Ways you are not surprised Judgement

Label this picture with the experiences these people are having Label this picture with the experiences these people are having. B+ - Was their overall experience positive or negative?