Everything You Need to Know About Chapters 14 and 15

I. Chp 14 is mostly about economic difference between the North and the South A. New Inventions 1.Textiles a. Elias Howe – sewing machine b. Eli Whitney – cotton gin i. increased the amount of cotton that could be cleaned ii. led to an increase in slavery

2. Farming a. John Deere – lightweight steel plow b. Cyrus McCormick - mechanical reaper 3. Communication - Samuel Morse creates telegraph 4. Transportation a. British create steam powered locomotives b. British also create ocean going steam ships c. John Griffiths – clipper ships

B. North = Industry Railroads Clipper ships Expanding economy C. Problems with the expanding economy - more jobs are created and more workers are needed.

Immigrants are used to solve the problem of a lack of workers Potato famine in Europe Immigrants come here from Europe in search of food, a better life and jobs. South = Farming “Cottonocracy” Wealthy plantation owners make up less than 1% of the population, but have most of the power. Slave codes – Laws passed to ensure that slaves were treated as property.

II. Chapter 15 is about Social Reform! Religious Reform – The Second Great Awakening outdoor revivals motivational preachers Prison Reform – To improve conditions in jails Temperance – To ban alcohol Education To promote and improve public education Led by Horace Mann

Abolition – Movement to ban slavery Frederick Douglass – former slave William Lloyd Garrison – “The Liberator” Antislavery newspaper Underground Railroad – Network of people, mostly Quakers, who helped slaves escape to freedom. Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe – antislavery book. Angelina & Sarah Grimke

Women’s Rights – Equal Rights Sojourner Truth – Former slave that spoke out for women’s rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Went to speak at the world anti-slavery convention in London; she was not allowed to participate because she was a woman; she came home and took up the issue of women’s rights. Seneca Falls Convention – Women’s rights convention. Wrote the “Declaration of Sentiments” declared that all men and women are created equal. Lucretia Mott

Literature and Art In the 1820s many Americans began to write stories with American themes; stopped looking to Europe for ideas Artists began to paint American landscapes, portraits of Americans, and Native Americans.

Writer Works Themes/Importance Washington Irving “Rip Van Winkle”, “Sleepy Hollow” Gave Americans a sense of the richness of their past, 1st US writer to enjoy fame in America & Europe James Feinmore Cooper Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans Stories took place on American frontier in NY, idealized relations with whites and indians Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter, Thie History of Puritan England Forces of good and evil

Writer Works Themes/importance Herman Melville Moby Dick Good vs. evil William Wells Brown Clotel novel about slave life 1st African American to be published, made his living from writing Margaret Fuller Women in the 19th Century Important influence on the movement for women’ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “Paul Revere’s Ride” Used many events in history Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass “I hear American Singing” Believed in common people, celebrated democracy

Writer Works Themes/importance Emily Dickinson Broke with past styles to create new forms of poetry One of the nation’s greatest poets, wrote over 1700 poems Ralph Waldo Emerson Essays Importance of the individual “Inner Light” Henry David Thoreau Walden, Essays of Civil Disobedience Abolitionist, civil disobedience used to protest slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Protested slavery