Greece #2: Quest for Beauty & Meaning

After the Persian War, Greek culture flourished Classical art

The Parthenon Temple for Athena Gold & ivory statue of Athena by Phidias Corrected optical illusion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nashville_Parthenon_005.JPG

Nashville, Tennessee has a replica of the Parthenon & statue of Athena (see next two slides).

http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Parthenon. at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Parthenon.at.Nashville.Tenenssee.01.jpg

Greek Columns

White House (Ionic) Lincoln Memorial (Doric) US Capitol Building (Corinthian)

Art Greeks OBSESSED with beauty Realistic & lifelike Pottery Mythological scenes Scenes of everyday life

Sculpture Myron Perfect human form (Discus Thrower)

Drama Tragedy- unhappy ending  Comedy- happy ending 

Dionysus – god of wine & pleasure http://www.tqnyc.org/2005/NYC051950//miritgreecemythology.htm

Sophocles Oedipus Rex (King who killed his dad & married his mom– forced to do these things by the gods) When he discovers what he’s done, he blinds himself

Aristophanes Satires—jokes— pointed at society & major leaders

http://www. phys. ksu. edu/personal/cdlin/picture/tour-00/greektheater http://www.phys.ksu.edu/personal/cdlin/picture/tour-00/greektheater.JPG

http://artsedge. kennedy-center. org/greece/theater/playersProps http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/greece/theater/playersProps.html http://www.bellport-playcrafters.com/trivia.html

Olympics Wanted perfect body Olympics Throwing, wrestling, running Women had one in honor of goddess Hera

The Greek Mind 400s BC: Sophists (traveling teachers) Believed Greek gods (deities) had little control over people Philosophers (lovers of wisdom)

Socrates Born in Athens (470 BC) Socratic Method: philosopher questioning student Reason as only authority 399 BC: “Corrupting the young”- DEATH by hemlock poison

Plato Socrates’ student Creates school “The Academy” 1st political science book, The Republic (tries to create perfect govt.)

The Republic Just city: Specialization of 3 classes: Producers (farmers, craftsmen, doctors), Warriors, Rulers (philosopher kings) Just soul: 3 parts: Lustful, Spirited, Rational (rational part rules, spirited part enforce rational part’s convictions, lustful part must obey)

Aristotle Studied at Plato’s Academy Tutored Alexander the Gr8 Opened school “Lyceum” Scientific Method Book Politics

Historians Herodotus “Father of Greek History” Wrote about Persian Wars (Historia) Thucydides Peloponnesian War history

Scientists Thales of Miletus (600s BC) 1st to predicted solar eclipse Pythagoras (500s BC) Pythagorean theorem Music: shorter the string, higher the pitch

Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” Hippocratic Oath-code of doctors Disease caused by things in nature

“Hippocratic Fingers” – clubbed fingers = sign of lung diseases Hippocrates discovered http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ClubbingFingers1.jpg

Treating Hemorrhoids- Hippocrates did surgery on hemorrhoids

Alexander’s Empire Macedonia-north of Greece 359 BC: Philip II King of Macedon Wanted to… unify Greek city-states destroy Persian Empire

Philip used Greek phalanxes 338 BC: Philip II took city- states in Greece 336 BC: Philip killed by wife Olympias set up her son ALEXANDER as king

Alexander the Great Tutored by Aristotle Throne by age 20 331 BC: Alexander destroyed Persia WANTED WORLD DOMINATION!

Alexander & troops married Persian women http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/6793020.html

At the Indus River Soldiers-tired of fighting went home 323 BC: Alexander died of malaria at 33 yrs. old

3 generals divide empire & war constantly until Romans take over

Hellenistic Culture-mix of Persian & Greek cultures Alexandria, Egypt 1st museum (library, research center, zoo, & gardens)

Aristarchus-Earth moves around sun Eratosthenes- Circumference of Earth Euclid- Geometry book used until 1900

Archimedes- compound pulley, explained how levers work, principle of buoyancy, Archimedes Screw