Backtrack Dairies

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Thanks To DairyNZ AGMARDT Ballance Healthy Soils Hills Laboratories Hydrocom Kiwi Fertilisers Paddock Vets Perry Laboratories Precision Tracking Individual farmers and rural business professionals Introduction information Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems SHOULD do some samples for soil microbes and soil carbon to 60cm depth, also rooting depth. Some soil type, same pasture, cowsheds the same, did everything as same as possible. Trying to compare the two farms. Also keeping the same stocking rate. Pivot location would be good if could get on map. Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Backtrack Dairies – as at 10th May Whakapono Waiora Effective Area 155 210 Stocking Rate 3.1 3.0 Peak Cows 483 636 Treatment Kinsey-Albrecht Conventional Total MS/ha 1451 1365 Total MS/cow 466 451 Total N Applied 84 124 N Leaching 25 Introduction information Dropped cow numbers every year. Purposely dropped down N applications by 50 kgN each year. Every year has been a difference in overseer but not this season Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Milk Solids/Ha – as at 10th May Whakapono 1451 MS/ha (1500 MS/ha – projected) Waiora 1365 MS/ha (1423 MS/ha – projected) Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Milk Solids/Cow – as of 10th May Whakapono 466 kgMS/cow (481kgMS/cow – projected) Waiora 451 kgMS/cow (470 kgMS/cow – projected) Excluding calf milk Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Water Inputs over the last 3 seasons Whakapono 14/15 15/16 16/17 Rainfall 388 (from 24 Aug) 625 891 Irrigation 537 262 Total Water Inputs 1162 1153 Waiora 14/15 15/16 16/17 Rainfall 388 (from 24 Aug) 625 891 Irrigation 573 275 Total Water Inputs 1198 1166 Don’t have irrigation for 14/15 season – should be able to get from website? Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Whakapono – Pasture Cover vs N use Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Waiora – Pasture Cover vs N Use Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Fertiliser 16-17 N P K S Ca Mg Whakapono 84 35 90 116 522 64 Waiora 124 51 50 59 15-16 N P K S Ca Mg Whakapono 117 27 42 113 923 123 Waiora 160 37 67 94 90 Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Supplements Fed – Projected to end of Season Whakapono 749 kgDM/cow Waiora 644 kgDM/cow Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Soils Tests – Monitor Paddocks Hills Whakapono Waiora PH 6.3 6.2 Olsen P 14 16 S 19 11 K 6 8 Ca 9 10 Mg 29 17 Na 3 4 Kinsey Albrecht Whakapono Waiora PH 6.1 6.2 Total Exchange Capacity 11.4 10.7 Calcium % 64 71 Magnesium % 14 8 Potassium % 2.4 3.5 Sodium % 0.9 1.1 Kinsey Albrecht is base saturation % values All results are only for monitor paddocks Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Overseer Nutrient Budgets Whakapono (kg/ha/yr)   N P K S Ca Mg Na Nutrients Added Fertiliser, lime and other 79 33 84 109 490 61 Rain/clover N Fixation 179 2 4 18 Irrigation 7 5 28 Supplements imported 50 8 6 Nutrients Removed As products 99 17 24 21 Exported effluent 1 As supplements To atmospheric 108 To water 25 0.7 140 35 Change in internal pools Plant material Organic pool 78 10 -20 Inorganic mineral -11 -2 -3 Inorganic soil pool 14 469 74 38 Waiora (kg/ha/yr)   N P K S Ca Mg Na Nutrients Added Fertiliser, lime and other 117 47 48 56 Rain/clover N Fixation 159 2 4 19 Irrigation 8 5 29 7 30 Supplements imported 6 17 3 1 Nutrients Removed As products 95 16 23 20 Exported effluent As supplements To atmospheric 105 To water 25 0.8 14 85 43 15 Change in internal pools Plant material -1 -2 Organic pool 88 12 -20 Inorganic mineral -16 -3 Inorganic soil pool 49 9 32 Measure leaching theoretically not physically Would like to do it physically if possible

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Pasture Quality Ave for Season Whakapono Waiora DM % 16.8 ME (MJ/KgDM) 12.4 12.2 Protein % 26.3 26.2 NDF % 37.4 39.3 Soluble Sugars % 10.8 10.4 Waiora – N8 Whakapono – S6 Lactating cow needs about 18% crude protein. High at 21-22 for environmental purposes as more is leached John king measure brix shows slightly higher on whakapono Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Pasture DM% Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Clover content – 3 seasons Whakapono Waiora 4% 7% 10% History of sampling method Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Effect of farm system on clover content 27% Whakapono Waiora 12% 10% Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems % of Farm Mown % mown of farm – Whakapono = 63% Waiora = 116% Whakapono –Total area pre mown –69.1ha = 44.6%. Area cut for silage = 28.3ha =18.3 % Waiora Total area pre mown –154ha =73%. Area cut for silage = 90ha =43% Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Animal Health – Down Cows Whakapono Waiora % of Cows at Calving time 4% 7% % of Cows Pre Calving 1% % of Cows Post Calving 3% 5% % of Cows rest of season 2% Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Animal Health – Lame cows Whakapono = 14% Waiora = 15% Lame cows pivots over tracks on whakapono and larger herd size. Could be the difference in clover content Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Animal Health - Mastitis Whakapono = 10% Waiora = 12% Mastitis cases per month Put in SCC either on this graph or separate Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Animal Health - SCC Whakapono = 158 Waiora = 165 Mastitis cases per month Put in SCC either on this graph or separate Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Trace Elements Results  Copper (ref range8-25umol L)   Mar-14 Nov-14 Mar-15 Dec-15 Apr-16 Nov-16 Apr-17 Waiora 13 13.17 13.2 14.75 10.75 12.62 12.67 Whakapono 9.75 12.25 12.8 12.5 10 13.33  Selenium (ref range 600 + nmol/ L) 610 900 768 836.3 837.5 773 985 845 647.5 738 976.7 715 555 1078  B12 (ref range 300 + pmol/ l) 302 391.67 384 322.5 366.3 293 286 295 310 266 258.3 285 351 265  Iodine (ref range 45 - 60 ug/l) 26.2 35 25 35.67 29.88 34 52.17 23 29 24.2 30.17 28.33 36 54.83 Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Cow Condition Whakapono Pre Calving Pre Mating Summer Autumn Average CS 4.9 4.6 4.5 % < 4.0 1 5 8 3.5 % < 4.5 33 45 39 % > 5.0 21 11 7 13 Waiora Pre Calving Pre Mating Summer Autumn Average CS 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.4 % < 4.0 1 3 8 6 % < 4.5 4 22 45 49 % > 5.0 23 12 9 Put in updated logo Pre calving – July Pre Mating – Sep Summer – Feb Autumn - May Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Reproductive Performance   Whakapono Waiora 3 week Submission Rate 91% 87% Non-cyclers 9% 13% AI length 7 weeks Mating length 10 weeks % Early Calvers (Aug calving) 62% 57% % Late Calvers (Sep Calving) 25% 31% Empty Rate 15% Reproductive performance – info Waiora cows mated 624 Whakapono 481 cows mated Doesn’t include CO’s Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Financial Analysis of Animal Health Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems

Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems Summary of Performance – Projected to end of season Whakapono Waiora Peak Cows 483 636 Stocking Rate (cows/ha) 3.1 3.0 Milk Solids/Cow 481 470 Milk Solids/ha 1500 1423 Nitrogen Applied 84 124 Supplements Offered (kg/cow) 749 644 Supplement made on Farm (kg/cow) 101 153 Irrigation Applied 262 275 Rainfall 891 Nitrogen Leaching 25 Deaths % 1.7 3.5 Culls % 9.1 9.0 Milk solids per cow does not include calf milk Soil nutrient management in dairy farming systems