Artist: n/a Title: Stele of Naram-Sin Medium: Limestone Size: height 6'6" (1.98 m) Date: c. 2220–2184 BCE Source/Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris

Artist: n/a Title: The Ancient Near East Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/Museum: n/a

Shifts in Political Power Its capital. Shifts in Political Power Sumerian- The Sumerians control the south, filling their independent city-states with new technology, literacy and art and architecture. Eclipsed by the Akkadians (neighbors to the north) Akkadian- When Northern invaders attacked the Akkadians, the Sumerians regained local power for a while. Ur and Lagash thrived during this period under strong leadership. King Urnammu ruled Ur and Gudea ruled Lagash. Babylonian- The Amorites next dominated the south. Their leader Hamurabi established the city of Babylon as its capital. Assyria- The Assyrians dominate northern Mesopotamia. By the end of the 9th century they controlled all of Mesopotamia. Neo-Babylonia- The Medes allied with the Babylonians and Scythians (from western Iran and western Ukraine and Russia) capture Nineveh and The Assyrian rule ends. Persian- In the 6th century the Persians seized power in Mesopotamia. Artist: n/a Title: The Ancient Near East Power Changes Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/Museum: n/a

Artist: n/a Title: Ruins of the White Temple Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: c. 3300–3000 BCE Source/Museum: Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq)

Artist: n/a Title: Technique: Cuneiform Writing Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/Museum: n/a

Artist: n/a Title: Face of a woman, (known as the Warka Head) Medium: Marble Size: height approx. 8" (20.3 cm) Date: c. 3300–3000 BCE Source/Museum: Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq) / Iraq Museum, Baghdad (stolen and recovered in 2003)

Artist: n/a Title: Carved vase (known as the Uruk Vase) Medium: Alabaster Size: height 36' (91 cm) Date: c. 3300–3000 BCE Source/Museum: Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq) / Iraq Museum, Baghdad (stolen and recovered in 2003)

Artist: n/a Title: Votive Figures Medium: Limestone, alabaster, and gypsum Size: height of largest figure approx. 30" ( 76.3 cm) Date: c. 2900–2600 BCE Source/Museum: The Square Temple, Eshnunna (present-day Tell Asmar, Iraq). The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

Artist: n/a Title: The Great Lyre with bull’s head Medium: Wood with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell, reassembled in modern wood support Size: height of head 14" (35.6 cm) height of front panel 13" (33 cm) maximum length of lyre 55½" (140 cm), height of upright back arm 46½" (117 cm) Date: c. 2550–2400 BCE Source/Museum: Royal tomb, Ur (present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq) / University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia

Artist: n/a Title: Front panel, the sound box of the Great Lyre Medium: Wood with shell inlaid in bitumen Size: height 12¼ X 4½" (31.1 X 11cm) Date: n/a Source/Museum: Ur (present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq) / University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia (T4-29C)

“ To the victors Belong the Spoils” Ethics of “ To the victors Belong the Spoils” Artist: n/a Title: Photo of face of a woman (known as the Warka Head) Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/Museum: Displayed by Iraqi authorities on its recovery

Artist: n/a Title: Cylinder seal from the tomb of queen Puabi Medium: Lapis lazuli Size: height, 1⅝" (4.1 cm) Date: c. 2600-2500 BCE Source/Museum: Ur (present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq) / British Museum

Artist: n/a Title: Disk of Enhueduanna Medium: Alabaster Size: 10” diameter Date: 2300-2275 BCE Source/Museum: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology

Artist: n/a Title: Head of a man (known as Akkadian ruler) Medium: Copper Alloy Size: height 14⅜" (36.5 cm) Date: c. 2300–2200 BCE Source/Museum: Nineveh (present-day Kuyunjik, Iraq) / Iraq Museum, Baghdad

Artist: n/a Title: Nanna Ziggurat, Ur Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: c. 2100–2050 BCE Source/Museum: Present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq

Artist: n/a Title: Votive Statue of Gudea Medium: Diorite Size: height 29" (73.7 cm) Date: c. 2090 BCE Source/Museum: Girsu (present-day Telloh, Iraq) / Musée du Louvre, Paris

Artist: n/a Title: Stele of Hammurabi Medium: Diorite Size: height of stele approx. 7' (2.13 m) height of relief 28“ (71.1 cm) Date: c. 1792–1750 BCE Source/Museum: Susa (present-day Shush, Iran) / Musée du Louvre, Paris

Artist: n/a Title: Lion Gate Medium: Limestone Size: n/a Date: c. 1400 BCE Source/Museum: Hattusha (near present-day Boghazkoy, Turkey)

Artist: n/a Title: Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions Medium: Alabaster Size: height approx. 39" (99.1 cm) Date: c. 850 BCE Source/Museum: Palace complex of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu (present-day Nimrud, Iraq) / The British Museum, London

Artist: n/a Title: Reconstruction drawing of the citadel and palace complex of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (Present-Day Khorsabad, Iraq). C. 721–706 BCE Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/Museum: Courtesy the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

Artist: n/a Title: Enemies Crossing the Euphrates to escape Assyrian Archers Medium: Alabaster Size: 39” high Date: c. 875-860 BCE Source/Museum: Palace Complex Assurnasirpal II, present day Nimrud, Iraq

Artist: n/a Title: Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu) Medium: Limestone Size: height 10'3½" (3.11 m) Date: 883–859 BCE Source/Museum: Colossal Gateway Figure, Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Kalhu (present-day Nimrud, Iraq). / The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 1932 (32.143.1.-2)

Artist: n/a Title: Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden Medium: Alabaster Size: height approx. 21" (53.3 cm) Date: c. 647 BCE Source/Museum: The Palace at Nineveh (present-day Kuyunjik, Iraq) / The British Museum, London

Artist: n/a Title: Reconstruction drawing of Babylon in the 6th century BCE Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/Museum: Courtesy the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

Artist: n/a Title: Ishtar Gate and throne room wall Medium: Glazed brick Size: height of gate originally 40 feet (12.2 m) with towers rising 100 feet (30.5 m) Date: c. 575 BCE Source/Museum: Reconstructed in a Berlin museum, originally from Babylon (Present-day Iraq) Vorderasiatisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz

Artist: n/a Title: Air View of the ceremonial complex, Persepolis Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: 518–c. 460 BCE Source/Museum: Iran

Artist: n/a Title: Apadana (audience hall) of Darius and Xerxes Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: 518–c. 460 BCE Source/Museum: Ceremonial Complex, Persepolis Iran

Artist: n/a Title: Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute Medium: Limestone Size: height 8'4" (2.54 m) Date: 491–486 BCE Source/Museum: Detail of a relief from the stairway leading to the Apadana (ceremonial complex), Persepolis, Iran / Courtesy the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago