Progressivism: So who were the Progressives? 1. a. What was the progressive movement a response to? b. And, what role did the muckrakers play in this? Include specific “muckrakers” in your response. Take a look at the Wages and Expenditures Handout What conclusions can you come to?

Jacob Riis

Child Labor

SWEATSHOPS Triangle Shirtwaist factory

March 25, 1911 New York City

Prevention legislation, Factory inspections and International Ladies Garment Workers Union Introduction of fire- Prevention legislation, Factory inspections and Better working conditions For all workers

Question 1. a. What was the progressive movement a response to? b. And, what role did the muckrakers play in this? Include specific “muckrakers” in your response. Question 2. Identify what you think are the most important or key political reforms during the Progressive Era. Include the key figures and their specific accomplishments. (You may want to create a chart)

So who were the Progressives? Read the Varying Viewpoints handout And the article in the Chapter “Were the Progressives Forward Looking?” Question: According to each of these historians, who were the progressives, and what were their central values (i.e. were they “forward looking”?)

MIDDLE CLASS MOVEMENT Middle class movement Hofstadter’s interpretation: desire to serve To what extent was it a middle class movement that did not reflect the interests / concerns of poor & working class? Progressive concern for conservation / environment relects more affluent perspective

Progressivism Demanded that the powers of government be applied to solving the economic and social problems of industrialization. Shift from traditional American emphasis on voluntary solutions to social problems Control big business / fight corruption in government Middle class movement – Hofstadter Issues and leaders

Role of Mucrakers Crusading journalists and writers write exposes and get involved in politics Laws were created in response to exposes Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Lincoln Steffens – Shame of the Cities Upton Sinclair – The Jungle, 1906 Meat Inspection Act

Homework: 1. Chapter 19 Quiz on presentations 2. Questions from Ch. 21 IDs & Ques NEXT: TR