Elements, Minerals, Rocks, Soil, Agriculture Unit 3: Geosphere Part 2 Elements, Minerals, Rocks, Soil, Agriculture

What are Atoms? Are made up of chemical elements. Each element has nearly identical atoms. Atoms have three different particles: - protons (+) located in center of atom -electrons (-) located around center of atom -neutrons (0) located in center of atom

What is an Element? Elements have the same # of protons and electrons Number of protons = number of electrons Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons, but they have a different number of neutrons. Many isotopes are radioactive and emit energy and particles.

What do Atoms look like? Have energy levels, or shells: The shells surround the nucleus (center of atom) Contains electrons- negatively charged particles

Why do Atoms form bonds? When an atom’s does not contain a full outer shell, it is likely to form a chemical bond with one or more atoms. A compound: consist of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific proportions.

Types of Chemical Bonds 1. Ionic bonds: form between metal and nonmetal 2. Covalent bonds: form between two non-metals. 3. Metallic bonds: form between two metals.

the Periodic Table

Practice: Is it a metal, non-metal, metalloid? Na N Metal Li H

What is a mixture? Mixture is any combination of two or more substance that are not chemically combined. Examples of mixtures: Salt & pepper _______________________ Sweet tea

Organic Vs. Inorganic Organic: Made of Carbon and hydrogen Normally living organisms or products of living organisms Inorganic: Made of everything else Normally non-living or man made

Minerals Mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition. http://www.feenixx.com/earth-science/Introduction_to_Minerals_Poster.htm

Minerals Characteristics: Naturally formed- it forms in nature on its own Orderly crystalline structure Solid (cannot be liquid or gas) Has to have a definite chemical composition Has to have a characteristic crystalline structure

What makes a Mineral different? Mineral characteristics are determined by the arrangement of atoms Diamond & Graphite have the same chemical composition, but a different atom arrangement.

What makes a Minerals different?

Examples of Minerals: Glass- can be naturally formed (volcanic glass is called obsidian) Ice- is naturally formed, is a solid, has definite chemical composition Halite (salt)- naturally formed, is solid, has definite crystalline structure.