IV. Culture: Romanticism and Realism

Classicism in Europe was roughly 1700 to 1800. Madame Recamire, 1800, by Jacques-Louis David Mozart The Madeleine Church, Paris, France.

A. Romanticism (1800’s) – the arts. expressed feeling, emotion, and A. Romanticism (1800’s) – the arts expressed feeling, emotion, and imagination. L'Education de la Vierge, (1842), by Eugène Delacroix, Paris. In the late 1700’s, Romanticists abandoned classical reason (Enlightenment, 1700’s) for warmth and emotion to revolt against the Industrial Revolution.

Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, (1818) by Caspar David Friedrich. Romanticism

The Lion Hunt (1861), Eugene Delacroix. Romanticism painting with drama and action (exotic)

Rain, Steam and Speed, The Great North- Western Railway (1844), by Joseph Turner. Romanticism

Memory of Civil War (1850), by Meissonier. Romanticism

Low Tide at Pourville, by Claude Monet

Auguste Renoir (1841-1919), Berlin National Museum.

Romantic architecture – Bavarian castle reflects the romantic love for medieval style (built between 1869-1892).

Romanticism in Literature Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe was the best selling novel in the early 1800’s. Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, Frankenstein (1818) was a vegetarian.

When my mother died I was very young, The Chimney Sweeper When my mother died I was very young, Any my father sold me while yet my tongue Could scarcely cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!“ So your chimneys I sweep, & in soot I sleep. - William Blake, 1794 I Wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. - William Wordsworth

“Poets are the unacknowledged legislators This Living Hand This living hand, now warm and capable Of earnest grasping, would, if it were cold And in the icy silence of the tomb, So haunt thy days and chill thy dreaming nights That thou wouldst wish thine own heart dry of blood So in my veins red life might stream again, And thou be conscience-calmed—see here it is— I hold it towards you. John Keats, 1819 The cremation of Percy Shelley, by Edward Trelawny. The Keats- Shelley Museum in Rome, Italy. “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.” - Percy Bysshe Shelley

B. Realism – the world should be viewed realistically. 1. Started: early 1800’s in literature; mid-1800’s in art. Realists rejected Romanticism.

2. Charles Dickens – A Christmas Carol shows life in mid-1800’s England. Dickens' Oliver Twist (1838). A Christmas Carol (1843), by Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, a British novelist, became very successful with his realistic novels focusing on the middle and lower classes in Britain.

The Stone Breakers (1849), Gustave Courbet. Realism

The Gleaners (1857), Jean-Francois Millet. Realism