English and Catholic Reformation maría sanz REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION (II) English and Catholic Reformation maría sanz *

English Reformation Henry VIII (1527): marries Catherine of Aragon, have only one child, a daughter Mary Tudor Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII *

Henry VIII asks the Pope to annul his marriage so that he can marry Anne Boleyn The Pope refuses because he doesn’t want to offend Charles V, Catherine of Aragon’s nephew *

What was Henry´s response? passes Act of Supremacy: makes monarch head of the English Church (splits from Rome) Appoints Thomas Cranmer to be Anglican archbishop who grants the annulment Anne Boleyn has a daughter, Henry VIII marries four more times but has only one son Edward *

The Anglican (English) Church Henry seizes land from monasteries and convents and gives it to nobles Rejects most Protestant ideas but allows an English version of the Bible *

Leaves throne to 10yr old son Edward VI 1547: Henry VIII dies Leaves throne to 10yr old son Edward VI Edward’s advisors are Protestant, push many reforms Thomas Cranmer writes Book of Common Prayer: A book of Protestant prayers that maintains Catholic doctrines Edward VI *

Edward VI dies in his teens, his sister Mary Tudor becomes queen. Mary returns England to Catholicism. Creates harsh policies, and burns Protestants at the stake. “Bloody” Mary Tudor *

1558: Mary dies, Elizabeth I becomes queen Elizabeth sets up compromise between Protestantism and Catholicism (Elizabethan Settlement) Restores unity to England *

Catholic Reformation Reform movement within the Catholic church led by Pope Paul III *

Council of Trent 1545-1563: meet off and on, reaffirm Catholic views Pope doesn’t want to give up power and control Main ideas: -Salvation comes from faith and good works -Bible is one source of religious truth, priests and church tradition are the others -Made harsh penalties for corruption in clergy -Establishes schools to educate clergy *

Jesuits 1540: Pope recognizes Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Founded by Ignatius of Loyola determined to spread Catholic faith and combat heresy went on crusades and sent missionaries to spread faith Ignatius of Loyola *

Teresa of Avila Born into a wealthy family, entered the convent Set up her own order of nuns with a more strict lifestyle Asked to reform convents around Spain Canonized after death *

Effects Catholic Reformation does solve many problems in the Church but Europe remains divided. Both Catholics and Protestants practice intolerance. 1450-1750: tens of thousands tried for witchcraft. Jews experience intolerance across Europe *