Medical School Histology Basics Blood VIBS 289 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Blood (definition and function) Blood - fluid tissue composed of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets suspended in blood plasma. Function of blood is the transportation of cells and fluid. RBC carry O2 to and CO2 from tissues.

Blood Function of blood is transportation of cells and fluid. WBC Immune defense for body. Plasma Nutrients to tissues. Waste from tissues. Proteins to hold water in plasma. Hormones and other informational mediators. Platelets Prevent loss of transportation.

Peripheral blood HISTO 021 Erythrocytes Reticulocytes

Reticulocyte Note ribosomes in the reticulocyte

Polychromatophilic normoblasts

Bone marrow 32583 Reticulocyte entering blood vessel Blood vessel

White Blood Cells Neutrophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

White blood cells in blood Eosinophil Neutrophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte

Slide 113 platelets Red blood cells Neutrophils Neutrophils Large lymphocyte Lymphocyte Neutrophils Monocyte Slide 113

SIZE OF HUMAN BLOOD CELLS CELL/PLATELET SIZE ERYTHROCYTES 6.5-8 µm LEUKOCYTES (WBC) % of WBC NEUTROPHIL 12-15 µm 60-70% LYMPHOCYTE 6-18 µm 25% MONOCYTE 12-20 µm 5% EOSINOPHIL 12-15 µm 2-4% BASOPHIL 12-15 µm 0-1% PLATELETS 2-4 µm

Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) 110 110 Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) Monocyte Neutrophils Monocyte Neutrophils Neutrophils Lymphocyte Monocyte

110 110 Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) basophil, eosinophil, and neutrophils Lymphocyte Neutrophils Basophil Neutrophils Neutrophils

Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) eosinophil and neutrophil 110 Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) eosinophil and neutrophil platelets Red blood cells Eosinophil Neutrophil Eosinophil Neutrophil

Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) 113 Slide 113 Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) Neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocytes Monocyte Lymphocyte

Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) 113 Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) Monocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte Monocyte

Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) Slide 113 Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) Lymphocyte

HISTO 021 HISTO 021 60x

HISTO 021

EM 8a EM 8c EM 8c illustrates an example of a basophil Note the neutrophils and eosinophils in EM 8a

Cardiac stomach w/chronic infection 140 Cardiac stomach w/chronic infection Infection site Plasma cells

Cardiac stomach w/chronic infection 140 140 Neutrophil Eosinophil

EM 12b to observe organelle content differences in an immature and mature neutrophils – mature has more mature dumbbell-shaped granules EM 8f

EM 8f Lymphocytes

Note the relative paucity of cytoplasmic organelles and the high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (EM 6) Lymphocytes

Large Golgi and many plasma membrane projects on monocytes. HISTO 021 Monocytes

Large Golgi and many plasma membrane projects on monocytes. 432 Macrophages (Slide 432) lung EM 8f Monocyte HISTO 021 1 Blood monocytes differentiate into macrophages like those seen in the lungs

Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 1 Erythropoiesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTo4LnXonTk&list=PLQltfhuKi1sgtel3O9IpDsbgEWMY3JaX5&index=19 Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Erythropoiesis Erythrocytes No nucleus and red cytoplasm Reticulocytes No nucleus and blue - grey cytoplasm Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Dark, small, spherical nucleus blue – grey cytoplasm Darkening, fractured ,spherical nucleus and mixed pools of grey and blue cytoplasm Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Fractured, spherical nucleus and thin rim of dark blue cytoplasm Basophilic erythroblasts Uniformly light, spherical nucleus with thin rim of medium to dark blue cytoplasm Proerythroblasts

McGraw-Hill Companies

Erythropoiesis Proerythroblasts Erythrocytes Reticulocytes Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Basophilic erythroblasts Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Erythropoiesis

Bone marrow 32583 Reticulocyte entering blood vessel Blood vessel

Bone marrow

EM 12a Bone marrow

Slide 112

Bone marrow

EM 8a marrow blood

EM 12b

EM 8b

EM 8f

EM 8b

Lung with bronchi – macrophage 432 Lung with bronchi – macrophage 432

432 Lung with bronchi 432

Lung with bronchi 432

EM 12c 32583

Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources! Bruce Alberts, et al. 1983. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. Bruce Alberts, et al. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. William J. Banks, 1981. Applied Veterinary Histology. Williams and Wilkins, Los Angeles, CA. Hans Elias, et al. 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. Don W. Fawcett. 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. Don W. Fawcett. 1994. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY. Arthur W. Ham and David H. Cormack. 1979. Histology. J. S. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA. Luis C. Junqueira, et al. 1983. Basic Histology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA. L. Carlos Junqueira, et al. 1995. Basic Histology. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. L.L. Langley, et al. 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. W.W. Tuttle and Byron A. Schottelius. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO. Leon Weiss. 1977. Histology Cell and Tissue Biology. Elsevier Biomedical, New York, NY. Leon Weiss and Roy O. Greep. 1977. Histology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. Nature (http://www.nature.com), Vol. 414:88,2001. Arthur C. Guyton,1971.Textbook of Medical Physiology W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA WW Tuttle and BA Schottelius 1969 Textbook of Physiology C.V. Mosby Co. A.L. Mescher 2013 Junqueira’s Basis Histology text and atlas, 13th ed. McGraw

The end of

Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 1 Erythropoiesis Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 1 Erythropoiesis Objectives are to: Identify the developmental cells of erythropoiesis Characterize developmental changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus of these cells Bone marrow 32583 Blood vessel

19761 Bone marrow Blood in vessel

HISTO 021 60x

HISTO 021 60x

Erythropoiesis Erythrocytes No nucleus and red cytoplasm Reticulocytes No nucleus and blue - grey cytoplasm Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Dark, small, spherical nucleus blue – grey cytoplasm Darkening, fractured ,spherical nucleus and mixed pools of grey and blue cytoplasm Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Fractured, spherical nucleus and thin rim of dark blue cytoplasm Basophilic erythroblasts Uniformly light, spherical nucleus with thin rim of medium to dark blue cytoplasm Proerythroblasts

McGraw-Hill Companies

Erythropoiesis Proerythroblasts Erythrocytes Reticulocytes Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Basophilic erythroblasts Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Erythropoiesis

Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Erythrocytes

Erythrocyte Proerythroblast Reticulocytes Orthochromatophilic erythroblast Basophilic erythroblast Polychromatophilic erythroblast Erythropoiesis

Polychromatophilic erythroblasts

Erythrocyte Proerythroblast Reticulocytes Orthochromatophilic erythroblast Basophilic erythroblast Polychromatophilic erythroblast Erythropoiesis

Basophilic erythroblast

Erythrocyte Proerythroblast Reticulocytes Orthochromatophilic erythroblast Basophilic erythroblast Polychromatophilic erythroblast Erythropoiesis

Proerythroblasts

Erythropoiesis Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Erythrocytes Reticulocytes

Early orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Late polychromatophilic erythroblasts

Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Early polychromatophilic erythroblasts

Basophilic erythroblasts Proerythroblasts

ut 112 Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts RBCs Late polychromatophilic erythroblast Basophilic erythroblast platelets Polychromatophilic erythroblast Reticulocyte Eosinophil or basophil Erythrocytes Proerythroblast

Bone marrow Reticulocyte entering blood vessel Blood vessel 32583

The End of Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 1 Erythropoiesis

Granulopoiesis is next

Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 2 Granulopoiesis Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 2 Granulopoiesis Objectives are to: Identify the developmental cells of granulopoiesis Characterize developmental changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus of these cells 32583 Bone marrow

19761 Bone marrow Blood Blood

` 32583 Bone marrow Developing granulocytes

Peripheral blood 21

Granulopoiesis Lobulated, dark nucleus, mature grey cytoplasm with small granules Neutrophils Neutrophilic band or stab cells Horse-shoe shaped, darkening nucleus, grey mature cytoplasm Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Oval to kidney bean-shaped, indented nucleus, grey mature cytoplasm with a weak blue tent Large, oval, non-indented nucleus, large amount of cytoplasm with specific and non-specific granules Neutrophilic myelocytes Large, oval, non-indented nucleus, large amount of sky blue cytoplasm with non-specific granules Promyelocytes

Granulopoiesis Neutrophils Promyelocytes Neutrophilic band cells Neutrophilic metamyelocytes

ut 112 Neutrophil Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Neutrophilic metamyelocyte Platelets Eosinophil or basophil Neutrophilic myelocytes

Neutrophils Promyelocytes Neutrophilic band cells Neutrophilic myelocytes Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Granulopoiesis

Neutrophilic metamyelocytes 112 Lymphocytes Unknown nuclei Neutrophilic myelocytes Promyelocyte Neutrophilic band cells Lymphocytes Neutrophilic myelocytes Neutrophilic band cells Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Neutrophilic band cell

Neutrophilic band cells Neutrophils Granulopoiesis

Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Early neutrophilic metamyelocytes

Neutrophilic myelocytes

Late promyelocytes Promyelocyte

Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Unknown nuclei Neutrophilic myelocytes Neutrophilic band cells Neutrophilic metamyelocytes Proerythroblast Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Eosinophils or basophils

Bone marrow White blood cell entering a blood vessel 32583 Blood

The End of Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 2 Granulopoiesis