2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system Blood Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 4-5 qts 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Functions Transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones. Aids in distribution of heat. Regulates acid-base balance. Helps protect against infection.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Plasma liquid portion of blood without cellular components Straw colored and contains Water Plasma proteins Nutrients Electrolytes, Hormones Vitamins, enzymes Metabolic waste products Plasma Cellular elements

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Plasma proteins Fibrinogen Albumin Globulin Gamma globulin Prothrombin Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Plasma Proteins Fibrinogen Albumin Prothrombin Necessary for blood clotting, synthesized in the liver. From the liver, helps maintain blood’s osmotic pressure and volume. A globulin which helps blood coagulate. Vitamin K necessary for prothrombin synthesis

Coagulation Cut or injuryplatelets and injured tissue release Thromboplastin  act on Prothrombin in plasma  + Calcium ions converts to Thrombin  the thrombin acts as an enzyme and changes Fibrinogen  Fibrin creating a mesh that traps red blood cells, platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.

Coagulation Cont. Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting Heparin:antiprothrombin Prothrombin is dependent on Vitamin K

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Erythrocytes Biconcave disk Hemoglobin- gives red color, heme is iron and globin is protein, Transportation Oxygen to tissues Carbon dioxide away from cells Normal – men 14-18 gm Women – 12-16 gm 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver. Erythrocytes Erythropoiesis Manufacture of RBCs Occurs in bone marrow. Red cells live 120 days. Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver. Hemolysis Rupture or bursting of erythrocyte, can be from a blood transfusion or disease.

Function of hemoglobin Red cells travel through the lungs where O2+hemoglobin: oxyhemoglobin O2 is carried to tissues and released, CO2 picked up and carried back to the lungs for exchange.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes Five types Leuk/o/cytes – white cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes Granular or agranular 5 types Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800 Diapedesis- when WBC have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Thrombocytes Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system Thrombocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Types of White Cells… Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Granuloccyte formed in the bone marrow Phagocytize bacteria Granulocyte Formed in the Increase in numbers in allergic conditions, malaria and in worm infestation. Produce heparin an anitcoagulant Count increases during chronic inflammation and during healing from infection. Agranulocyte absence of cytoplasmic granules formed in lymph glands, nodes and bone marrow. B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte Protect against cancer cells. Assist in phagocytosis leave blood vessels and attach themselves to tissues, during infection they help to wall off and isolate the infected area Agranulocyte

Life Span of Blood cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Phagocytosis – process when white cells surround engulf, and digest harmful bacteria.

Inflammation Start  Pus produced a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma.  Histamine increases the blood flow to the injured area.  Pathogenic disease producing microorganisms can cause inflammation. Symptoms – redness, local heat, swelling and pain    Why? Bacterial toxins, increase blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues – edema.

Inflammation

Inflammation Cont. Abscess Pus-filled cavity below the epidermis. Pyrexia Increase in body temperature by the hypothalamus in response to pathogenic invasion Leukocytosis Increase in the number of white cells in response to infection Leukopenia Decrease in number of white cells due to chemotherapy or radiation

Test your gray matter… Diapedesis Pyrexia NACL and K+ Plasma Leukocytes have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues. This process is called? What condition exists when O2 is crowded out of the hemoglobin ,eventually depriving cells of their O2 supply, that is sometimes fatal? When there is inflammation in the body, chemical substances travel to the hypothalamus, causing the body temperature to increase. What is the medical term for this condition? The liquid portion of the blood without cellular components is called: Which of the following is not a plasma protein? Hemoglobin, fibrinogen, albumin or globulin What are two important electrolytes found in blood plasma? Diapedesis Carbon Monoxide poisoning Pyrexia NACL and K+ Plasma Hemoglobin

Protein and iron Leukocyte Erythrocyte Fight infection Carry oxygen What type of blood is bioconcave and shaped somewhat like a donut? Hemoglobin is composed of: What type of blood cell can be granular, agranular, translucent or ameboid in shape? Which of the following is an example of a leukocyte? Platelet, Prothrombin, Neutrophil, Antibody The main function of leukocytes is to: The main function of erythrocytes is to: The medical term for platelet is: The average adult usually carries how many quarts of blood? Erythrocytes contain all of the following elements EXCEPT: The RH factor, Phagocytosis, Hemoglobin, Oxyhemoglobin Protein and iron Leukocyte Erythrocyte Fight infection Carry oxygen Thrombocyte Phagocytosis 4-5

Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins that are necessary for: WBC destroy bacteria by surrounding, engulfing, and digesting the bacteria. What is the process called? Why is arterial blood bright red? Which of the following statements about prothrombin is NOT true? It is a part of the clotting process It is dependent on Vit. K, It is manufactured in the liver, It is the smallest of the blood cells Because they carry oxyhemoglobin Blood Clotting It is the smallest of the blood cells Phagocytosis