6th Grade Midterm Study Guide

List the steps in the scientific method 1. Ask a question/ Identify a problem 2. Form a hypothesis 3. Conduct an experiment 4. Analyze results and data 5. Draw Conclusions 6. Communicate/Share results Scientific Inquiry

Scientific Inquiry Define the following terms A. Hypothesis: A possible explanation for a set of observations/ an answer to a scientific question, or an educated guess B. Inference: An explanation or interpretation of things based on observations or prior knowledge C. Observation: When you use one or more of your senses to gather information Scientific Inquiry

Scientific Inquiry F. Constant: G. Controlled experiment: D. Independent variable: The variable that is changed to test the hypothesis E. Dependent variable: The factor that may change in response to the independent variable F. Constant: The factor that remains the same in an experiment G. Controlled experiment: Experiment where only one variable is changed/tested. Scientific Inquiry

Read an experiment and identify its parts Population 1 Average correct responses Population 2 Average correct responses Week 1 40 (7 hours of sleep) 46 (8 hours of sleep) Week 2 36 (6 hours of sleep) 48 (8 hours of sleep) Week 3 30 (5 hours of sleep) 42 (8 hours of sleep) Week 4 34 (4 hours of sleep) 47 (8 hours of sleep) Read an experiment and identify its parts What was the independent variable? Amount of sleep/hours What was the dependent variable? Average correct responses What were the constants? Food, exercise, water, study time What was the control group? Population 2 What is the conclusion? More hours of sleep or consistent hours of sleep gave students better grades.

Know the Safety Rules in the Science Room List 5 See page 642 Use safety equipment Follow instructions Keep work area clean and organized Wear close toed shoes Report accidents Know the Safety Rules in the Science Room List 5

A. Basic unit for mass: Kilogram Tools used to measure mass: Triple Beam Balance B. Basic unit for length: Meter Tools used to measure length: Ruler, measuring tape, meter stick C. Basic unit for volume: Liquid – Liter for a Solid – cm3 Tools used to measure volume: Graduated cylinder, beaker Know the basic units of the metric system and know the tools we use to measure them:

Find the density of an item when the m = 30g and the v = 6 mL Density = m/v d= 30 g/6 mL d= 5 g/mL Oil is able to float in water because it is _______________ D. Less dense than the water What is the density of water? 1 g/mL A marble will sink in water because it is ________________ D more dense than water If a substance is more dense than water it ________________; if it is less dense than water it ___________________ Know the basic units of the metric system and know the tools we use to measure them: sinks floats

Forces and motion Force (including unit): Velocity: Speed and direction of a moving body, V = Displacement/time Acceleration: When an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction, A = Velocity/time The rate at which velocity changes Inertia: Resistance to change in motion. The more mass, the more inertia. Inertia is affected by mass. Force (including unit): Push or pull that has a size and direction, Newton Forces and motion

Forces and Motion Balanced forces: Forces that are equal but opposite in direction Unbalanced forces: Unequal forces that do not cancel each other when acting on an object and cause a change in the objects motion Friction: Force between two surfaces in contact that resist the sliding of the surfaces Forces and Motion

Newton’s Laws of Motion 1st Law of Motion: An object will remain at rest or move in a straight line with constant speed unless acted upon by an outside force 2nd Law of Motion: An object acted upon by an outside force will accelerate in the direction of the force 3rd Law of Motion: Forces always act in equal but opposite pairs Newton’s Laws of Motion

Forces and Motion 3. A change in position is _____________________ B. motion 4. The total distance traveled divided by the total amount of time is _______________________ D. average speed 5. You are riding a bicycle down hill. When you reach a busy intersection, you apply your brakes. This is an example of ____________________. C. acceleration Forces and Motion

Forces and Motion 6. A __________________ has the greatest inertia. A. Bowling ball 7. The inertia of an object increases when the _______ increases. C. mass 8. If the action force of an object is 15N to the left, the reaction force must be _____________________. C. 15N right 9. A person in a head on collision, who is not wearing a seatbelt, continues to move forward at the original speed of the car because of ________________ B. Inertia Forces and Motion

10. When you push off the side of a swimming pool, the force of your foot on the wall is created _____________ the force of the wall on your foot. C. At the same time 11. What is the force that keeps you from sliding off a sled when it starts moving? B. Static friction Forces and Motion

Beaker Erlenmyer Flask Beaker Pipette Graduated Cylinder

How much liquid is in the graduated cylinder? 7.0 mL Measure the line in metric 14.5 cm