Unit 1: Science of Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 1: Science of Psychology AP Psychology Unit 1: Science of Psychology Objective 1-3: Trace the growth of psychology with specific attention to structuralism and functionalism in the early years. Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B=76 Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

The Science of Psychology Approaches to Psych Growth of Psych Research Methods Statistics Descriptive Correlation Experiment Case Study Survey Naturalistic Observation Inferential Ethics Sampling Central Tendency Variance Careers We are here

Objective 1-3: Early Psychology Psychoanalytic – Freud Outline Early Psychology First Lab – Wundt Structuralism – Titchner Functionalism – William James Psychoanalytic – Freud Behaviorism – Pavlov, Watson and Skinner Cognitive Revolution Contemporary Trends in Psychology

Early Psychology - Wundt Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig in 1879. By insisting on measurement and experimentation he moves psychology from a philosophy to a science This is my lab! Philosophy  science Outline

Structuralism Bradford Titchner School of psychology that stressed the basic units of experience (physical sensation, feelings, and memories) and the combinations in which they occur. Study these ‘atoms of experience’ to get the structure of the mind

Break this down to its atoms of experience How do you know what this is? How is your mind structured in order to perceive it? 6

So what is this? 7

And this? How’s structuralism working for you now? 8

Functionalism William James Rejects Structuralism Influenced by Darwin Functionalism –theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment. Functionalists wanted to know the whole system of mental processes rather than focusing on the tiny elements of consciousness Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.

Structuralism vs. Functionalism How would each study this situation?

Psychodynamic Psychology Sigmund Freud Behavior results from forces at work within the individual, often at an unconscious level. Often formed during childhood. Late 1800s Since the person can’t access their own unconscious, it is hard to prove or disprove this theory scientifically.

Psychodynamic = Unconscious

Behaviorism Studied only observable behaviors Studied how organisms learn behaviors. Classical Conditioning – learning that results from things happening to you. Ivan Pavlov – Dogs John B. Watson – Baby Albert Operant Conditioning – learning that results from getting rewards or punishments. B.F. Skinner – Skinner Box

Behaviorism

The Cognitive Revolution The precursors to cognitive psychology: Gestalt psychology Study of how we perceive objects as whole patterns Therapy that wishes to treat the whole person Humanistic psychology Emphasizes realization of full potential Recognizes importance of love, self esteem, belonging, and self-actualization

The Cognitive Revolution Study of mental processes Thinking Learning Feeling Remembering Decision making

New Directions in Psychology Evolutionary psychology Studies the adaptive value of behaviors and mental processes Positive psychology Study of the subjective feelings of happiness and well-being Focus is on positive attitude