Modeling and potential of Spirulina platensis mass-production in Egypt ABO EL-KHAIR B. EL-SAYED ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE

AIM Agriculture Pharmaceutical Global warming Energy and water crisis Generalization of algae mass production in Egypt Maximizing the beneficial use of algae concerning Agriculture Pharmaceutical Global warming Energy and water crisis Sustainable development

INTRODUCTION Renewable and Non traditional sources of food and energy became the world challenge to compete human and industrial growth and closely related problems. Microorganisms in this action seem to be the potent. Microalgae surpass all other sources. Except wood and out of competition, all plant products could be obtained from microalgae

Materials and Methods As a model, Spirulina platensis, the most brackish blue green alga found in Egyptian lakes and superior other habiting algal types in Wady El-Natron district, El-Behara Governorate. Isolation was performed by dilution technique and growth characteristics were profiled by indoor grown algal medium (Zarrouk, 1966). Others from local habitat are Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Nannochloropsis and Amphora coeaeformis.

Indoor Inoculum Preparation

Technical specifications of open sheet (Indoor bioreactor) Item Specification Unit height (cm) 200 Unit width (cm) 100 Unit depth (cm) 10cm Sheet thickness (mm) 9mm Unit volume (L) Unit surface area (cm2) 4x104 Wilding material Epoxy Needed land length (m) 1.4 Needed land width (m) 0.6 Needed total area (m2) 0.84 Air left direction Light bank (24 lamps x120cm x 40 w) Compressed air 3/8 inch sampling valve 100 cm 200 cm Fig.1. Open sheet (200L) photobioreactor diagram

Outdoor scaling up Item Specification Plate area (m2) 7.42 Tank surface (m2) 1.36 Out let (cm) 0.63 diameter exposed area (m2) 8.78 Pump power (hp) 2.0 Flow rate (m3.h-1) 60.0 Pip system (mm) 75 Suspension height (cm) 5-10 Effluent direction 2.0 hp electric pump 75mm valve

OUTDOOR mass production Technical specifications of different open ponds used Item Specification Unit depth (P1&P2) 30 cm Unit depth (P3) 80 cm Unit length 30 m Unit width 2.5m Unit volume (P1&P2) 15m3 Unit volume (P3) 45m3 Surface area 75m2 Gear motor 0.6hp

Growth dry weight of Spirulina platensis within different growth units Dry weight (g.l-1) Unit Growth dry weight of Spirulina platensis within different growth units P.E=Polyethylene, O.S=Open Sheet, B.R=Bioreactor and O.P=Open Pond  

Orientations Dry biomass Biscuits Cheese Alcohol Pasta Chocolates Oils Fertilizers Polysaccharides

330 L.E per kg 33000 Bioreactors Indoor 100m3 Input L.E Water 100 Stirring 350 illumination 50 Nutrition 2000 Harvesting 500 Drying 12000 SUM 15000 Labor 20% 3000 Investment 20% Taxes 20% Risk 20% Corrosion 20% Loss 20% 1500 Total 33000 330 L.E per kg

ANNUAL YIELD For mass production design, 3700 m2 per feddan are the most used area reached about 1400 m3 of growth volume. On the average, 1400 kg will be obtained per week. Thus the expected yield will be account as 72 tone/year/fed dried biomass. The actual is about 54 tone/ year. For fertilizers production, 150 tone per year was produced. R.I of algae investment is 3 – 4 year.

Non Essential amino acids Chemical composition of Spirulina biomass(% on dry weight basis). Protein Ash Fat Fiber Carbohydrates 51.65 ±0.49 10.40 ±0.28 6.9 ±0.14 5.4 20.3 Amino acids (mg/g) Fatty acids (%) of Spirulina oil Essential amino acids Veg Stress Fatty acid Veg. Histidine 16.3 9.4 C8:0 1.52 0.52 Isoleucine 19.2 14.2 C10:0 0.12 0.05 Leucine 22.1 16.5 C12:0 0.34 0.23 Lycine 11.3 8.4 C14:0 0.62 0.14 Methionine 9.6 C16:0 31.5 22.9 Phenylalanine 19.4 15.2 C16:1 0.70 0.96 Threonine 14.9 C18:1 12.6 14.3 Valine 12.9 C18:2 16.46 Non Essential amino acids C18:3 19.94 22.3 Arginine 48.6 41.3 C 20:4 1.8 3.6 Alanine 28.2 C 20:5 4.8 6.7 Aspartic 29.8 C 22:0 10.6 9.1 Cystin 6.4 13.2 Total saturated (TS) 44.7 32.94 Glutamic acid 39.2 42.1 Mono. Unsaturated 13.3 15.26 Glycine 20.3 Poly unsaturated 43.00 51.8 Proline 16.9 24.6 Total unsaturated (TU) 56.3 67.06 Serine 22.5 25.4 TS/TU 0.79 0.49 Tyrosine 16.7 17.2  

CONCLUSION Successful orientation of algae production matrix became the world challenge to compete energy-water crisis, global warming, organic farming and sustainable development. Proper strain as well as nutrition are the key of production cost minimizing. Per feddan, the actual production is near to 40 ton per year.

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