Creating the Culture of British North America Ch. 4 1689 to 1754

Britain's Colonies: 32 colonies in N.A. The THIRTEEN: would develop a unique "American" way of life would fuse with a more common culture: language religion values

Key Questions From 1689 to 1754 there was a shift in the lives and thinking of British North Americans. What caused this shift? How did it shape the “thinking” of British North Americans and the British crown? How did slavery continue to develop in the colonies during this time? What other developments contributed to this shift?

Key Answers From 1689 to 1754 there was a shift in the lives and thinking of British North Americans. The shift was caused by changing views the British and “Americans” and their relationship to the crown New ways of thinking about individual/natural rights and distrust in the crown Slavery became embedded in the culture, systematic and codified Changing social class systems and religious movements also contributed Wars

Criticism of the Colonial Government: The Zenger Trial: 1734-1735 “Free” press "The truth is an absolute defense against libel"

The Glorious Revolution, 1689 fading of the “divine” right of the king established that “the people” should decide created the idea of the rights of “Englishmen” supported by the ideas of John Locke natural rights government by social contract

What Impact Did the Glorious Revolution Have in the American Colonies? The Dominion of New England was “disbanded” allowed to separate Uprisings New York Maryland New religious freedoms and new persecutions New social order: colonial elite, military authority

Establishing Social Stability Post Bacon’s Rebellion: elite concluded that there must be stratification: landowning elite landowning non-landowning whites indentured servants African slaves African slave population increased as indentures decreased establishment of slave codes

Africans Became African Americans

Infamous Triangular Trade

The Slave Trade: Origins

The Slave Trade: The Middle Passage

The Slave Trade: The Middle Passage

The Slave Trade: Seasoning

The Slave Trade: Seasoning

The Slave Trade: The Sale

Slavery Changed Over Time traced from your mother generational race based became a Southern socio-economic institution separated lower class whites from slaves based in the agricultural economy driven by profit

Fear Was A Dominant Motive Fear Of Witchcraft Salem, 1692-1693 Slave uprisings Stono, 1739 New York, 1741 Indian Raids, ongoing Resulted in a need to “control” women African (Americans)

The Colonial Economy Rich ports including Caribbean trade Mercantilism dominated raw materials shipped to England finished goods shipped to the colonies English Ships Only (Navigation Acts 1660) forbid trade with France, Holland and Spain frustrated the colonists resorted to “black market” trade Inter-colonial trade including ideas - unifying

Religious Decline Late 1600s to 1700s Anglican church was government supported “official” church Loss of Puritan “zeal” Anti-Catholic, Anti-Jewish

The Great Awakening: The Revival rebirth Jonathon Edwards preached the concept of "grace" with emotion new vs. old lights removed the concept of the "elect" encouraged denominational competition 1st mass movement of Americans influenced higher education

Religious Revival: The Great Awakening

World Conflicts Localized Struggle for: control of Europe control of the seas trading rights in the colonies Anglo-French Colonial Wars: 1739-1748 King William's War Queen Anne's War War of Jenkins' Ear King George's War Sets a tone for colonists

HOW WILL THE COLONIES RESPOND? ALBANY CONGRESS

THE ALBANY CONGRESS: 1754 Organized by the British Unified the colonists Appeased the Native Americans allied with the Iroquois Nation (bribery)

Albany Congress - 1754 Established Benjamin Franklin as a colonial political leader Proposed: General President Council appointed by the colonial assemblies Franklin's plan was not ratified Crown ordered colony to meet and form a militia

The Most American American

Conclusions 1607-1754: An era of transition Rise of English Parliament establishes “the people’s” role Enlightenment and “Great Awakening” changed thinking Creation of the “institution” of American slavery American economy creates “elite” and “middle” class European wars unified British colonies