lean-ISD Session #415 TRAINING ’98 Conference Presentation Peter R. Hybert Guy W. Wallace CADDI, Inc.

The Machine That Changed the World lean Concept from the book: The Machine That Changed the World by: James P. Womack Daniel T. Jones Daniel Roos

lean Best of both mass and craft production Principles and attributes of lean Teamwork Communication Efficient use of resources and elimination of waste Continuous improvement

lean Attributes of a lean process/methodology Defined process/steps Defined roles/responsibilities Standard tools/templates Flexible

ISD Common Benefits Common Complaints More interactivity and/or testing More effective instructional process Focus on job performance and learning versus content Better use of instructional media Takes too long Impossible to forecast and manage Variable results— depends on the designer Each designer uses his/her own process, formats, defaults, etc. The bottom line—it is difficult to get consistent, reliable results implementing ISD in a corporate training organization

lean-ISD lean applied to ISD would have beneficial impacts on Quality Cycle time Cost

lean-ISD via the PACTSM Processes for T&D CADDI’s PACT Processes for T&D CAD Curriculum Architecture Design PACT Analysis MCD Modular Curriculum Development IAD Instructional Activity Development Project Planning & Management

lean-ISD via the PACTSM Processes for T&D Three levels of ISD CAD Curriculum Architecture Design PACT Analysis MCD Modular Curriculum Development IAD Instructional Activity Development Project Planning & Management

lean-ISD via the PACTSM Processes for T&D Akin to systems engineering of products Car development Telecommunications product development Software development Let’s look at some examples

lean-Car Development e.g., Four-door pickup truck Auto Integrated Systems Design e.g., Four-door pickup truck Customer Requirements & Supplier Capabilities System Design & Development e.g., H/V/AC system design Component Design & Development e.g., Backseat fan control mechanism Project Planning & Management

lean-Telecommunications Product Development Network Integrated Systems Design e.g., Networked phone system Customer Requirements & Supplier Capabilities System Design & Development e.g., Phone handset Component Design & Development e.g., “Redial” button Project Planning & Management

lean-Software Development Application Suite Systems Design e.g., Integrated corporate financial system Customer Requirements & Supplier Capabilities System Design & Development e.g., Spreadsheet application Component Design & Development e.g., “Cut & paste” function Project Planning & Management

PACT Processes for T&D CAD - Curriculum Architecture Design Macrolevel ISD analysis and design Systems analysis and systems engineering design of the T&D product line Modular design product line Product X Product Y CAD assists in a reuse strategy for modules/chunks of T&D content

PACT Processes for T&D MCD - Modular Curriculum Development Midlevel analysis and design Akin to the ADDIE Model, also known as the “big block diagram,” from the work of Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs, Robert Moran, and Robert Branson Analysis A Design D Development Implementation I Evaluation E

PACT Processes for T&D IAD - Instructional Activity Development Microlevel analysis and design Development of typical instructional elements or activities, such as Simulation exercises Performance tests Structured, on-the-job training Demonstrations Case studies Etc.

PACT Processes for T&D Analysis Similar front-end analysis for each PACT Process for T&D CAD PACT Analysis MCD IAD Project Planning & Management

PACT Processes for T&D Analysis Four types of ISD Analysis Target Audience Data PACT Analysis Performance Modeling Knowledge/Skill Analysis Existing T&D Assessment

PACT Processes for T&D Project Planning & Management PACT embraces Structured processes Predefined roles and responsibilities Detailed planning Continuous communications Customer control of content/ supplier control of process

PACT Processes for T&D Project Planning & Management Planning and communications tools and templates Systematic engagement of customers and stakeholders The right people doing the right things at the right time Interview guides Project Plan templates CAD MCD IAD PST gate review meeting presentations

PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases Each PACT Process has a gated process model Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points CAD Phase 4 Implementation Planning CAD Phase 1 Project Planning & Kick-off CAD Phase 2 Analysis CAD Phase 3 Design

PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases Each PACT Process has a gated process model Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points MCD Phase 1 Project Planning & Kick-off MCD Phase 2 Analysis MCD Phase 3 Design MCD Phase 4 Development/ Acquisition MCD Phase 5 Pilot Test MCD Phase 6 Revision & Release

PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases Each PACT Process has a gated process model Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points IAD Phase 1 Project Planning & Kick-off IAD Phase 2 Analysis IAD Phase 3 Design IAD Phase 4 Development IAD Phase 5 Pilot Test IAD Phase 6 Revision & Release

PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation Phase combinations are possible CAD Phase 4 Implementation Planning CAD Phase 1 Project Planning & Kick-off CAD Phases 2/3 Analysis/Design

PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation Phase combinations are possible MCD Phase 1 Project Planning & Kick-off MCD Phases 2/3 Analysis/Design MCD Phase 4 Development/ Acquisition MCD Phase 5 Pilot Test MCD Phase 6 Revision & Release

PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation Phase combinations are possible IAD Phase 1 Project Planning & Kick-off IAD Phases 2/3 Analysis/Design IAD Phases 4/5/6 Development, Pilot Test, and Revision & Release

PACT Processes for T&D Teams & Roles/Responsibilities Typical Teams — CAD Project Steering Team Analysis Team Design Team Implementation Planning Team

PACT Processes for T&D Teams & Roles/Responsibilities Typical Teams — MCD Project Steering Team Analysis Team Design Team Development Team Pilot Test Team

PACT Processes for T&D Teams & Roles/Responsibilities Typical Teams — IAD Project Steering Team Analysis Team Design Team Development Team Pilot Test Team

PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates Project Planning & Management Word Processing Templates Project Plan Proposal Project Steering Team Review Presentations Invitation and Confirmation Letters Tools and Go-by’s Stakeholder/Customer Interview Guide Project Plan Proposal

PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates Analysis Word Processing Templates Target Audience Data Performance Model Knowledge/Skill Matrix Existing T&D Assessment Analysis Team Kick-off Presentation Project Steering Team Review Presentation Tools and Go-by’s Analysis Report Analysis Database

PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates Design Word Processing Templates Event Specs and Maps Module Specs and Maps Lesson Specs and Maps Activity Specs Project Steering Team Review Presentation Design Team Kick-off Presentation Tools and Go-by’s Design Document Design Database

PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates Development Word Processing Templates Tools and Go-by’s

lean-ISD via the PACT Processes for T&D Business Benefits Customer/Stakeholder Project is visible and predictable in terms of T&D quality Investment and returns Project tasks and schedule Provides managerial review and control points Supplier Puts ISD suppliers in control of instructional integrity within the parameters set by the customer Templates and tools enable detailed project planning and communications with the customer Learner T&D is performance oriented and will have a positive impact on learner’s ability to perform Modular structure provides flexibility for learner participation Ensures voice of the customer and voice of the supplier in ISD projects

Standard, but flexible processes and methodologies for ISD lean-ISD Summary A blend of the best of both craft and mass production approaches, applied to ISD Common process Gated process models Use of teams Use of tools and templates Multilevel design hierarchy used to ensure platform, modular, integrated ISD Standard, but flexible processes and methodologies for ISD

lean-ISD Thank You!