Educating the Masses Why does control of education help totalitarian regimes become successful? How is education controlled in the U.S.?

14.3 – Imperial China Collapses

China’s Past 1800’s – China struggles against imperialism Ex: British opium trade, Japanese imperialism Nationalists in China want to shed imperial rule and become modern Their vision = modern, independent China that is proud of its traditions

Nationalists Overthrow the Emperor The Nationalist Party and its leader Sun Yixian (soon-yee-she-an) grow in power In 1911, overthrow the Qing Dynasty (ruling since 1644) Sun has 3 Principles: End foreign control Democracy Economic security

WWI Hits Before the war, the Nationalist party loses control to rebel warlords & military leaders Hope to regain territory and freedom from the Europeans after WWI Instead, Treaty of Versailles gives territory to Japan

The May 4th Movement Outraged at the Treaty of Versailles Workers, students, professionals demonstrate in public squares Call for new culture, modernity But this time, less democratic ideas, more communist support

Rise of Chinese Communism Mao Zedong – leader of Chinese Communist Party Wants to start a revolution among rural peasants Lenin sends aid to the Chinese Communists BUT, Nationalists are still in power, becoming less popular

Civil War Erupts Chiang Kai Shek is Nationalist leader, but he does not live up to democratic ideals Nationalists and Communists begin to clash, peasants join communists Nationalist troops try to push Communists out with troops and gangs

The Long March Communists retreat to the mountains, appeal to peasants Nationalists send 700,000 men to the mountains Communists attempt to escape, journey is called “the Long March” While the Chinese fight, the Japanese decide to invade