Unmanned Aircraft Systems WCHS JROTC Unmanned Aircraft Systems 11/11/2018 NC-956

Agenda Drone Qualification Plan Flight Log Overview of UAS History of UAS Roles for UASs Quadcopter Theory of Operations Videos Conclusion Hello, and welcome to PA-942 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Robotics. Here’s what we will be covering tonight. (Briefly go over list; have extra copies of syllabus). (Pass out name tags) But before we delve into our subject matter, let’s get to know a little bit about each other. 11/11/2018 NC-956

JROTC UAS Qualification Hand out https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-I96_Bhk6Oquw-eUKCNEN6CVuGFISJUNoMzdZeEFsYU/edit#gid=0 11/11/2018 NC-956

JROTC UAS Flight Log Hand out https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1_bwO6O5vWSxD6BIEj-Q1y25eSRsg-c22vEbKhXLMpBo/edit#gid=0 11/11/2018 NC-956

Learning Objectives Know the History of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Differentiate between the various applications of UAS. Classify the military and civilian users of UAS. Summarize the current and potential uses of UAS/UAVs. Describe how a quadcopter UAS operates. Evaluate the validity of concerns about the use of UAS/UAVs in various applications. 11/11/2018 NC-956

Overview of UAS 11/11/2018 NC-956

Robotics and UAS Robots: UAS – Unmanned Aircraft Systems Machines that sense and interact with their environment, make decisions, act Autonomy UAS – Unmanned Aircraft Systems 11/11/2018 NC-956

Unmanned Aircraft System Human Input Command & Control Elemdnt Launch & Recovery Element Unmanned Aircraft System Payload Aircarft Communication Dat Link 11/11/2018 NC-956

Video UAV History 11/11/2018 NC-956

UAS History Open Edmodo to your resources folder http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs.html Let’s watch this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QK9tpSn-85A 11/11/2018 NC-956

Roles for UASs The Three Ds Dull: Extended Surveillance Pattern of Life Dangerous: Contested Airspace Electronic Warfare Forest Fire Control Dirty: Contamination Monitoring Damaged Structure Inspection 11/11/2018 NC-956

Other Roles Covert: Research: Environmental Police and Military Aeronautical Testing Environmental Studies of the environment with min impact 11/11/2018 NC-956

Military Uses Long range high and medium alt surveillance Base security Target identification and designation Radio & Data Relays Electronic Warfare Monitoring Contaminated areas 11/11/2018 NC-956

Civilian Uses Aerial Photography Agriculture Fire Services Search and Rescue Powerline Inspection Environmental Protection Policing Gas and Oil Pipeline Patrol 11/11/2018 NC-956

Civilian UASs 11/11/2018 NC-956

Quadcopters Most Common Small UAV Advantages Disadvantages Advantages: Small size safer for close interaction Can manuever in buildings and tight spaces Rotor attached directly to the motor min mechanical linkage Use of 4 rotors allows each to be smaller than an equivalent single rotor Disadvantages: Ambitious development Complexity in calcualation and design Reliablity and Hobby perspective 11/11/2018 NC-956

Quadcopters How it works: Four rotors attached directly to electric motors Two spin clockwise, two spin counterclockwise Precise/accurate control of speed enables movement in all axis Mechanically simple Inherently unstable Complex and heavy computing requirements These propellers are fixed pitch, two will spin clockwise and the other two will spin counter clockwise. By precisely and accurately spinning these four propellers at different speeds, all the common directional movements of a standard helicopter are attainable - Hover, forward/backward movement, left/right movement, and yaw (turn rate) movement. This makes the quad rotor and other multi rotor RC helicopters mechanically very simple with hardly any moving parts compared to conventional mechanically complex collective pitch and even fixed pitch RC helicopters. In most cases there are only 4 moving parts on the majority of quad rotor helis; the 4 spinning motor shafts which are directly connected to the 4 spinning propellers - that's it! The reason RC quadrocopters and multi rotors are fairly new on the scene is the complex and rather heavy computing/processing power required to accurately control all the propellers to not only move the heli about, but to keep it stable. Multi rotors are inherently unstable. Only when all propellers are spinning at the exact same rate, producing equal amounts of thrust and torque, and experiencing equal amounts of drag is hover equilibrium achieved. Controlling this manually is all but impossible and only because of today’s solid state gyro and accelerometer technology, efficient and fast responding brushless or coreless motors, coupled with small micro processors to deal with the hundreds of calculations and control commands every second, can these things fly at all. 11/11/2018 NC-956

Quadcopters How it works: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNc8o9CZL HU These propellers are fixed pitch, two will spin clockwise and the other two will spin counter clockwise. By precisely and accurately spinning these four propellers at different speeds, all the common directional movements of a standard helicopter are attainable - Hover, forward/backward movement, left/right movement, and yaw (turn rate) movement. This makes the quad rotor and other multi rotor RC helicopters mechanically very simple with hardly any moving parts compared to conventional mechanically complex collective pitch and even fixed pitch RC helicopters. In most cases there are only 4 moving parts on the majority of quad rotor helis; the 4 spinning motor shafts which are directly connected to the 4 spinning propellers - that's it! The reason RC quadrocopters and multi rotors are fairly new on the scene is the complex and rather heavy computing/processing power required to accurately control all the propellers to not only move the heli about, but to keep it stable. Multi rotors are inherently unstable. Only when all propellers are spinning at the exact same rate, producing equal amounts of thrust and torque, and experiencing equal amounts of drag is hover equilibrium achieved. Controlling this manually is all but impossible and only because of today’s solid state gyro and accelerometer technology, efficient and fast responding brushless or coreless motors, coupled with small micro processors to deal with the hundreds of calculations and control commands every second, can these things fly at all. 11/11/2018 NC-956

What We’ve Covered So Far History of UAS Timeline in resources folder Uses and Roles of UAS Military and Civilian Roles The 3 D’s Theory of Operation of a Quadcopter Hover, pitch, roll, and yaw 11/11/2018 NC-956

Today UAS Concerns and Opportunities Practical Applications Video Short Quiz 11/11/2018 NC-956

The D Word Drones: Publicity Hobbyists Unfeeling killing machines Invasion of Privacy Publicity Hobbyists FAA regulations and local and state laws 11/11/2018 NC-956

UAS Concerns Privacy Regulation and Rules for use Airspace integration Interference with emergency operations Mishaps War by Robotics Insurance and Liability 11/11/2018 NC-956

UAS Opportunities The 3 Ds Smaller size (2-4% of weight, 25% of size, 3% of fuel of a light aircraft) Civilian Market Military Development 11/11/2018 NC-956

Practical Applications Let’s look at some practical applications of UASs 11/11/2018 NC-956

Corvette Museum Sink Hole Engineers and students from Western Kentucky University used a UAS to document, via video, a sinkhole that opened up under the Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The engineers were able to get video footage from within the sinkhole, allowing them to provide an initial damage assessment without the need of putting anyone in harm’s way. 11/11/2018 NC-956

Uses of UAS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkEDwOidW_Q 11/11/2018 NC-956

Robots That Fly http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ErEBkj_3PY 11/11/2018 NC-956

Quiz: Robots That Fly Provide some examples of aerial robotic applications. Describe how a quad UAV operates (roll, pitch, climb, etc.). Describe what element in nature is the example used to develop multiple UAV swarming formations. 11/11/2018 NC-956

Summary Drone Qualification Plan Flight Log Overview of UAS History of UAS Roles for UASs Quadcopter Theory of Operations Videos 11/11/2018 NC-956

Dancing Robot Airshow http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3MhglRrcYk Video 11/11/2018 NC-956

Robot Quadrotors Perform James Bond Theme Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sUeGC-8dyk Robot Quadrotors Perform James Bond Theme 11/11/2018 NC-956