Apply Change Management Principles to Gunfire at Sea Case Study Intermediate Cost Analysis And Management

Expect & Anticipate Resistance A good idea is not always enough to overcome resistance to change . . . .

Terminal Learning Objective Action: Apply Change Management Principles to Gunfire at Sea Case Study Condition: You are training to become an ACE with access to ICAM course handouts, readings, spreadsheet tools, and awareness of Operational Environment (OE) variables and actors Standard: With at least 80% accuracy: Identify components of change and needs analysis from real world scenario Identify steps to overcoming resistance to change in a real world scenario

Introduction This case introduces the technology that allowed navel gunners to be able to shoot while in motion, now known as Continuous-Aim Firing. The Ft. Hood case (discussed a couple of days ago) dealt with main battle tanks that adopted this same technology. Mr. Sims is the major player in the case. The case outlines the problems Mr. Sims faced selling a breakthrough technology to Senior Leadership. That technology now provides a competitive advantage in the battle field.

Change and Needs Analysis Diagnosis and needs analysis Intervention Follow-up Ask What are the forces for change? What are the forces preserving the status quo? What are the most likely sources of resistance? What are the goals to be accomplished by change? 18

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation Setting the Stage Q: If you were Sims what would you do now?

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) Setting the Stage Q: If you were Sims what would you do now? Report, document, develop support of what he is doing, assess what needs to happen, identify whom to talk to in order to get needed leadership support, introduce new way of thinking, start changing cultural mindset.

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) What now? Q: What do you expect at this stage? Was this the correct approach? Was it handled appropriately?

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) What now? Q: What do you expect at this stage? Was this the correct approach? Was it handled appropriately? A. Signs of resistance to change. Identify Power Field assessment and expected resistors. Build support. Get a leadership sponsor/ support/ buy in. A. Identify the Stakeholders, players and gate keepers.

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) Response Q: What should Sims do now? Report, document, develop support of what he is doing, assess what needs to happen, identify whom to talk to in order to get needed leadership support, introduce new way of thinking, start changing cultural mindset.

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) Response Q: What should Sims do now? Create ‘Sea of Change’ – momentum, bring others from the field to support Sims’ findings, show support that what he is doing has merit and it can work for others not only Sims. Create support from the trenches. Get leadership support ASAP.

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) Response – cont. Q: What should Sims do now? Realize why there is no response. Identify which are the arguments. So what is the downside? Failed to assess the situation correctly. It was obvious to him, but not to the rest.

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) Sims’s Final Action Q: Was his action correct? Why? Why not? A: It was correct in principal. Though could have backfired. Did not have any other option else in case his final action failed. However, he basically failed in the change process. It was by luck that eventually it happened.

Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation (Cont.) Sims’s Final Action - cont. Q: Was his action correct? Why? Why not? Q: What did he try to achieve by his Final Action? Muster management support. Something that he could not do before. Exemplify entrepreneurial spirit to its ultimate: putting everything “on the line”.

LSA #1 Check on Learning Q1. What are the forces for change? A1. Q2. What are the forces preserving the status quo? A2. Q3. What are the most likely sources of resistance? A3. Q1. What are the forces for change? A1. Student Response Q2. What are the forces preserving the status quo? A2. Student Response Q3. What are the most likely sources of resistance? A3. Student Response

LSA #1 Summary During this lesson, we identified components of change and needs analysis from a real world scenario. In the Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation, we see the barriers to change for an organization resulting in challenges for Mr. Sims.

Reactions to Change and Interventions 13

Reactions to Change and Interventions (Cont.) 13

Reactions to Change and Interventions (Cont.) 13

Applying Lewin’s Model to the Organization Unfreeze Change Refreeze Reducing forces for status quo Developing new attitudes, values, and behaviors Reinforcing new attitudes, values, and behaviors Unfreezing Change Refreezing Involves encouraging individuals to discard old behaviors by shaking up the equilibrium state that maintains the status quo - the organization eliminates rewards for current behavior New attitudes, values, and behaviors are substituted for old ones - the organization initiates new options and explains their rationale Involves the establishment of new attitudes, values, and behaviors as the new status quo - organizational culture and formal reward systems encourage the new behaviors 16

Reasons for Resistance to Change Uncertainty Planned Change Threatened self-interests Conflicting perceptions Feelings of personal loss

Resistance to Change It can be either Behavioral, or Systemic, or both 11

Behavioral Resistance (software) Based on Perceptions of Consequences, perceptions are negatively exaggerated Cultural Political Personal insecurity Fear of incompetence Contradiction with model of reality Violation of norms of behavior Irrelevance of expected results Lack of rewards/ incentives Loss of power Loss of influence Loss of rewards Loss of prestige Loss of funding

Systemic Resistance (hardware) Is proportional to: Conflict of strategic vs. operating work (short term vs. long term) Incapacity Incompetence Shortage of budgets Shortage of managers Shortage of functional capacity Lack of skills Lack of correct information Inability of systems structure

TLO Summary Action: Apply Change Management Principles to Gunfire at Sea Case Study Condition: You are training to become an ACE with access to ICAM course handouts, readings, spreadsheet tools, and awareness of Operational Environment (OE) variables and actors Standard: With at least 80% accuracy: Identify components of change and needs analysis from real world scenario Identify steps to overcoming resistance to change in a real world scenario