Welcome to Biology I Honors Sunday, November 11, 2018 Welcome to Biology I Honors Biology Begins! 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Science! Packet #1 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM Sunday, November 11, 2018 Science! Packet #1 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Science Suppose you knew nothing about science. How would you explain how it rains? Suppose someone did not believe your explanation. Could you prove that it is right? Why or why not? Since the beginning of time, people have been trying to explain natural events. Just as you may have ideas to explain that natural event, so have others over the years. 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Science II The goal of science is to understand the world around us. Sunday, November 11, 2018 Science II The goal of science is to understand the world around us. Science is derived from a Latin verb meaning to know Science is a way of acquiring knowledge A way of knowing The central theme to this methodology is the testing of hypotheses--The Scientific Method 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Biology Biology is the study of life. Sunday, November 11, 2018 Biology Biology is the study of life. Describes patterns that we see in the world Identifies a process or mechanism 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

The Scientific Method 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM Sunday, November 11, 2018 The Scientific Method 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Historical Information Sunday, November 11, 2018 Historical Information The scientific method was originated by the Greek philosophers [2600 years ago].   Thales (ca 590 b.c.) is considered the founder of the scientific method. The prime question they asked was.. "what differentiates living from non-living". 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

The Scientific Method Step by Step Sunday, November 11, 2018 The Scientific Method Step by Step Observing and Stating a Problem Forming a hypothesis Testing the Hypothesis Recording and analyzing data Forming a conclusion Replicating the work 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Problem The problem is a concise, scientific question that can be solved experimentally. Best expressed as an “open-ended question.” Question answered with a statement and not a yes or no answer 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Hypothesis A hypothesis is a possible explanation, conclusion, or even a guess about some event in nature. The hypothesis can reflect past experience and before selecting a final hypothesis, many should be proposed. Should be in the form of an if-then statement Reflects deductive and inductive reasoning. How is the if-then statement developed? Via the use of variables 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Hypothesis III Variables Sunday, November 11, 2018 Hypothesis III Variables There are three types of variables Independent Variable This is the variable that you purposely change (manipulate) Experiment should have only ONE independent variable Dependent Variable This is the variable that is being observed and changes in response to the independent variable Controlled Variable Variables that cannot be changed 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Development of Hypothesis & Title Sunday, November 11, 2018 Development of Hypothesis & Title Remember, the hypothesis should be in an if-then format If the IV does…..then the DV does…. Title of Experiment The Effect of the IV on the DV 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Controlled Variable vs. The Control Sunday, November 11, 2018 Controlled Variable vs. The Control Remember The controlled variable is the variable that cannot be changed A Control is a test in which the independent variable is kept constant in order to measure changes in the dependent variable. The control is used for comparison purposes. 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Testing the Hypothesis The Experiment Sunday, November 11, 2018 Testing the Hypothesis The Experiment Looking for evidence to support your hypothesis and not necessarily to prove it correct The design of the experiment should be in a way that allows you, or other experimenters, repeat the experiment on multiple occasions. 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Record & Analyze Data Scientist record their observations and hence create data Charts & Graphs are used Analysis of Data Most data analysis is done via statistics 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Conclusion A conclusion is a final proposition, which is arrived at after the consideration of evidence, arguments or premises DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick through the process of science Today, look at how extensive DNA is used in the world 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Repeat Experiment Repeat experimental procedures. Sunday, November 11, 2018 Repeat Experiment Repeat experimental procedures. 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Mathematics in Science Sunday, November 11, 2018 Mathematics in Science 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Mathematics in Science Sunday, November 11, 2018 Mathematics in Science The data recorded, during the experiment, has to be in a language that is understood by different individuals within the same field A Universal Language The Metric System (4 Parts--Fantastic Four) Mass Temperature Volume Length 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Units of Measurements Prefixes that denote multiples of 10 Tera 1012 Sunday, November 11, 2018 Units of Measurements Prefixes that denote multiples of 10 Tera 1012 Giga 109 Mega 106 Kilo 103 Centi 10-2 Milli 10-3 Micro 10-6 Nano 10-9 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Measurements Continued Changing of prefixes Sunday, November 11, 2018 Measurements Continued Changing of prefixes When moving from large units to small units, we multiply When moving from small units to large units, we divide 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Mass The amount of matter in an object Sunday, November 11, 2018 Mass The amount of matter in an object Mass is measured in kilograms (kg). 1 kilogram = 1000 grams 1 gram = 1000 milligrams 1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Three Phases of Matter 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM Sunday, November 11, 2018 Three Phases of Matter http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/images/scet_02_img0163.jpg http://ornitorinko.org:8080/blogs/max/uploads/photos/2007_03_10_00098.sized.jpg 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Mass vs. Weight Mass and weight are different Force Sunday, November 11, 2018 Mass vs. Weight Mass and weight are different Force The push or pull required to change the state of motion of an object Gravitational Force The force of attraction that every particle of mass in the universe exerts on every other particle Weight is the pull of gravity on a body of mass Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object. 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Mass vs. Weight II Mass is always constant regardless of where the mass is located in the universe Weight changes depending on the amount of gravitational force Block #2 & 4 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Calculating Weight F = ma Force = mass * acceleration Sunday, November 11, 2018 Calculating Weight F = ma Force = mass * acceleration Weight is a measurement of force W = mg g = acceleration due to gravity 9.8 m/s2 ((10 m/s2)) http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/ Weight on other worlds 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Temperature The degree of hotness or coldness of a body of mass or environment. There are three scales of measurement Celsius The scale of choice Fahrenheit Kelvin 0 degrees = Absolute zero (lowest possible temperature that can be attained by cooling an object. 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Calculating Temperature Sunday, November 11, 2018 Calculating Temperature Scales Celsius T (Celsius) = (5/9)*(T (Fahrenheit) -32) Fahrenheit T (Fahrenheit) = ((9/5) * (T (Celsius)) + 32 Kelvin (Absolute) 0 degrees = Absolute zero (lowest possible temperature that can be attained by cooling an object = T (Celsius) + 273.15 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Volume The amount of space that a 3D object takes up Sunday, November 11, 2018 Volume The amount of space that a 3D object takes up Volume is measured in liters 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 Liter = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm³) 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Length A linear measurement of an object, end-to-end; it is usually the longest dimension. Length is measured in meters. 1 meter = 100 cm; 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters; 1 meter = 1000 millimeters; 1 meter = 1,000,000 micrometers; 1 meter = 1,000,000,000 nanometers 1 meter = 10,000,000,000 Angstroms 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Review of the Steps 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM Sunday, November 11, 2018 Review of the Steps 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Facts & Theories 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM Sunday, November 11, 2018 Facts & Theories 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Facts What is a fact? What are some types of facts? Sunday, November 11, 2018 Facts What is a fact? Something that can be proved though observation What are some types of facts? Is it possible for a fact to change? 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Sunday, November 11, 2018 Scientific Theory In science, an explanation or model that covers a substantial group of occurrences in nature and has been confirmed by a substantial number of experiments and observations. It has withstood the tests of time 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Define Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Thought Question What do you think about this statement? Sunday, November 11, 2018 Thought Question What do you think about this statement? A fact and a truth are the same! http://www.j-archive.com 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008