Design of Infrared thermography diagnostics For the WEST Project 1st IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Data Processing, Validation and Analysis Nice, 1st - 3rd of June 2015 Design of Infrared thermography diagnostics For the WEST Project X. Courtois, MH. Aumeunier, Ph. Moreau, C. Balorin, H. Roche, M. Jouve, JM Travere, F. Micolon, C. Begat, M. Houry IRFM

OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location Design & performances Cameras and signal processing Conclusion Introduction IR views objectives & location Design & performances Cameras and signal processing Conclusion

The WEST Project a major upgrade of Tore Supra WEST (Tungsten (W) Environment for Steady State Tokamak) project: Aims to transform TORE SUPRA configuration carbon Limiter (2012) X-point, tungsten Divertor (2016) Carbon Tungsten WEST + Tore Supra supra conductive magnets and actively cooled Plasma Facing Components = capabilities of long pulse operation in a full metallic environment, high fluency (10 MW/m² steady state), H mode => Tore Supra is a unique facility as test bed for ITER W Divertor technology

OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location Design & performances Cameras and signal processing Conclusion

IR VIEWS & monitored Components Objectives: Measure the surface temperature of Plasma Facing Components (PFC) In order to ensure their integrity and provide data for physics Equatorial port Wide Angle Tangential view Endoscope optic front end Upper divertor (W/Cu) Upper port protection (W/Cu) Antennae view folded spherical mirror Niche Standard divertor view Inner wall (SS) Outer wall (SS) Antennae protection (W/CFC) Bumper (W/CFC) High resolution view Lower divertor (full W) Baffle (W/Cu)

IR VIEWS objectives & LOCATION (1/2) 7 endoscopes located in upper ports 7 Divertor Standard Views 100% divertor surface (with overlap) field of view: 60° toroidal angle endoscope location ICRH Q4 LH C3 LH C4 Objectives: RT protection of the divertor Physics studies : Plasma Wall Interactions PFC behavior (dust deposition, ageing) ... Spatial resolution <10 mm ICRH Q1 ICRH Q2 Tokamak top view

IR VIEWS objectives & LOCATION (2/2) 5 Antennas views 3 ICRH & 2 LHCD => for RT protection Spatial resolution <10mm 1 Wide Angle tangential view (equatorial port) => temperature monitoring of upper divertor, upper port protections, a bumper LH C3 LH C4 ICRH Q4 ICRH Q2 ICRH Q1 sas mirror in Inner Protection panel => 14 IR views in total 1 Divertor High Resolution view (2 possible locations in free LoS) => Study gaps and leading edges => Redundancy with the standard views Spatial resolution <1mm tokamak top view

OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location Design & performances Cameras and signal processing Conclusion

upper port endoscope OVERALL description IR Cameras NEW ! NEW ! Optical tube F 100 mm 3 optical lines large FOV, water cooled NEW ! Machine Flange NEW Head Optic front end + Heat load NEW Niche - Folded mirror - cooling plate

Optical Design and Performances IR Wavelength Band Expected range of Temperature (ε=0,2) Time resolution Pixel Projection (512x640 pix) Expected resolution with real lenses @ 95% true temp. Standard Divertor view (x7) DESIGN COMPLETED Antenna view via mirror (x5) DESIGN COMPLETED High Resolution Divertor view DESIGN ONGOING Wide Angle Tangential view DESIGN IN PROGRESS [1 - 5µm] optimized @ 1.7 µm 200°C - 3200°C 50 Hz full frame Multi Integration Time (high dynamic T° range) 2.8 mm 8 mm @1.7µm 12 mm @3.7µm [1 - 5µm] optimized @ 1.7 µm 300°C - 3200°C 50 Hz full frame Multi Integration Time (high dyn. T° range) 2 mm 6 mm @1.7µm 24 mm @3.7µm [0.6 - 5µm] optimized @ 1.7 µm 250°C - 3200°C 250 Hz full frame 1 adaptive IT (reduced T° range) 0.7 mm <1mm @1.7µm target [1 - 5µm] optimized @ 3.5 µm 100-2000°C 350 Hz full frame 5kHz cropped frame 1 adaptive IT (reduced T° range) > 10 mm NA (high depth of field)

Standard divertor view (2 x 48° FoV) Left and right views uses 2 optical lines Optically combination on one detector frame LEFT VIEW STD DVT LEFT VIEW RIGHT VIEW Optical simulation: SPEOS CAAV5 © CEA

standard divertor view Optical Design ~ 2000 mm 28 lenses (ZnSe, ZnS_Broad, Silicon, CAF2) 2 prisms 4 mirrors 2 tight sapphire windows camera Status : Optical and Opto-mechanical design completed Call for tender for Manufacturing in progress

ANTENNA VIEW SIMULATION SPEOS CAAV5 ©CEA Monte Carlo Ray tracing photonic simulation

Antenna view optical design tight window tight window and deflecting mirror relay lenses head optics camera lens ~ 2200 mm 32 lenses (CAF2, Sapphire, AMTIR1, ZnS_Broad) 2 mirrors 2 tight sapphire windows water cooled plate Molybdenum or SS spherical mirror Radius 250mm Folded Mirror Status : Optical and Opto-mechanical design completed Call for tender for Manufacturing in progress Mirror: 2 prototypes under manufacturing (Molybdenum & SS)

High RES. divertor view (20° FoV) The HR view uses the third optical line Optical simulation LEFT VIEW RIGHT VIEW SPEOS CAAV5 © CEA 512 pixels 640 pixels ≈ 430 mm Strike points HR VIEW Status : Design in progress

Tangential view preliminary design Simpler design (more space available): 2 mirrors in the vacuum vessel + tight window + camera lens Camera + lens Tight window (sapphire) Optical head spherical mirror Pupil hole f 3mm plan mirror Status : Optical design completed Opto-mechanical and Mechanical design in progress

In-situ test : Ir reference sources IR sources located on antennas and on divertor views: => reference hot spot check camera good working adjust masks of Region Of Interest Example of location on LH antenna IR sources Rugged & vacuum resistant 5 W 900°C @ emissivity = 0.8 Ni filament 3.5 mm Alumina 3V

OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location Design & performances Cameras and signal processing Conclusion

Global Data Processing Architecture RT Monitoring and interfaces with external systems DOLPHIN RT network WEST database + IR server Other Diag. data Wall Monitoring System Tmax , ROI Alarm + Arc detection + Reflection assessment Plasma Control System Wall Monitoring system Chrono signals Optic fibre Ethernet 64MB/s x3  IR luminance video stream + Tmax & alarm / Region Of Interest Interlock system RT basic data processing & Acquisition system RT Works  IR data (lossless compression) Copper link PXI Express (5 identical units) Chrono board PXIe / PCIe extender 3 x 64 MB/s Raw DL + Temperature + ROI data IR acquisition Unit RS232 GPIO 3 FPGA boards Acquisition + RT processing Acquisition PC >500 GB Local data storage (+screen in Control Room) Cam. Link Optical Transceiver Data capture (Cameras) Camera Link Cameras Optical Transceiver Optical fibre TokamakWEST RS232 power supply GPIO

Home-made IR cameras IRFM experience in camera assembling for harsh environment (B +T°) : On the shelf InSb detector spectral range : 1,5µm – 5,0µm 640x512 pixels, Pitch : 15µm 250 Hz acquisition rate @ full frame Camera Link video format Multi Integration Time (up to 6 IT) IRFM Design Thermalized filter Soft iron magnetic shielding Rugged power supply Water cooling control Optical Camera Link transceivers 12 home-made cameras Customised features, affordable cost Detector procurement in progress Camera design done Status: Bi-spectral camera, HgCdTe 3.5 & 4.5 mm 640x512 pix Fast camera, InSb 1-5 mm 640x512 350Hz Others available cameras:

FPGA boarD “Central” Hardware component Functions: Camera basic functions: Detector local board control Data calibration & corrections (Bad Pixel Replacement, NUC,...) RT Multi Integration-Time processing (up to 6 IT) Data acquisition and storage on PC (PXIe bus) Real time data processing: Region Of Interest processing: Temperature threshold alarm -> Interlock system hard output Hot spot detection, Spatial and temporal filtering RT Data throughput to WMS (Ethernet) Under procurement Code development (VHDL) in progress Status: Reuse of former developments on similar FPGA boards : Monitore Project (IRREEL diag) : algorithms for thermal events smart detection JET Protection Inner Wall project: algorithms for RT monitoring (ROI, filtering,...) Home-made bi-spectral camera : algorithms for calibration, NUC, adaptive IT, acquisition

Wall Monitoring system discharge learning / optimization process scenario compatibility with PFCs operational limits ? Full integrated simulation from the plasma source to the measured temperature Before discharge Physics parameters (λq, Prad, etc.) Knowledge for scenario construction & operational limits Plasma parameters : Magnetic equilibrium, Ip Plasma Control System WEST Database PFC material, optical properties & operational limits (max surface temperature) Diag data (IR) During discharge After discharge Diagnostics features Discharge data analysis to optimize next discharge Multi-diagnostics analysis for High level Machine protection M. Travere et al.,1st EPS Conference on Plasma Diagnostics, Frascati, April 2015

OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location Design & performances Cameras and signal processing Conclusion

Conclusion The WEST upgrade of Tore Supra requires new diagnostics for PFCs protection 4 different IR views are developed : standard and high resolution divertor views, antennas views, and 1 wide angle tangential view The developments are in progress : optical and opto-mechanical systems, IR cameras, acquisition and RT processing A novel system (WMS) is proposed for high level machine protection and discharge control

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